This paper investigates how extreme weather conditions affect power generators across Europe, with a focus on the differing vulnerabilities and adaptive responses of hydropower and thermal plants. Using a granular panel dataset of daily power plant outages and local weather conditions (2017–2023), we assess the influence of extreme temperatures, floods, and droughts on outage risks. We distinguish between forced and planned outages to identify how operators anticipate or react to weather-related stress. Our findings show that extreme weather events raise outage risks across multiple technologies, though their responses vary. Sudden shocks, such as unexpected temperature extremes, are more likely to trigger unplanned operational failures, while planned outages tend to align with longer-term maintenance cycles rather than immediate environmental pressures. These results highlight the need for climate-resilient strategies to protect energy systems from growing weather variability.

中文翻译：

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天气引起的发电厂停电：来自欧洲水力发电机和火力发电机的经验证据

本文研究了极端天气条件如何影响整个欧洲的发电厂，重点关注水电厂和火力发电厂的不同脆弱性和适应性反应。使用每日发电厂停电和当地天气状况（2017-2023 年）的精细面板数据集，我们评估了极端温度、洪水和干旱对停电风险的影响。我们区分强制停电和计划停电，以确定运营商如何预测或应对与天气相关的压力。我们的研究结果表明，极端天气事件会增加多种技术的停电风险，尽管它们的反应各不相同。突如其来的冲击，如意外的极端温度，更有可能引发计划外的运营故障，而计划内停机往往与长期维护周期保持一致，而不是与直接的环境压力保持一致。这些结果凸显了气候适应型战略的必要性，以保护能源系统免受日益增长的天气变化的影响。