Trade wars and geopolitical conflicts have intensified the supply risks associated with high-quality critical components in cross-border high-tech supply chains. In response, companies have restructured their supply networks by adopting multiple sourcing strategies and shifting from global to regional models. Consequently, domestic manufacturers reliant on overseas procurement may turn to low-quality domestic suppliers, while foreign suppliers may increase their provision of reliable medium-quality components to maintain market share. This paper examines the strategic supply decisions of a foreign supplier and the procurement strategies of a domestic manufacturer in a competitive market. Our findings reveal that these strategies are shaped by the interplay between diversification and competition effects. When the diversification effect outweighs the competition effect, the foreign supplier finds it profitable to increase the supply of medium-quality components. Conversely, if the competition effect is stronger, the foreign supplier refrains from doing so. It is beneficial for the domestic manufacturer to source low-end critical components, with the two effects becoming more pronounced when both low- and medium-quality critical components are available. However, when the foreign supplier expands its supply of medium-quality components, the foreign manufacturer faces adverse effects. Offering medium-quality products can erode the market share of high-quality products, whereas providing low-quality products may not have the same effect. Furthermore, we extend the basic model to incorporate demand uncertainty and demonstrate the robustness of our main findings.

中文翻译：

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关键零部件供应风险下的采购和供应策略

贸易战和地缘政治冲突加剧了跨境高科技供应链中与高质量关键组件相关的供应风险。作为回应，公司通过采用多种采购策略并从全球模式转变为区域模式来重组其供应网络。因此，依赖海外采购的国内制造商可能会转向低质量的国内供应商，而外国供应商可能会增加提供可靠的中等质量组件以保持市场份额。本文研究了外国供应商的战略供应决策和国内制造商在竞争性市场中的采购策略。我们的研究结果表明，这些策略是由多元化和竞争效应之间的相互作用塑造的。当多元化效应超过竞争效应时，外国供应商发现增加中等质量元件的供应是有利可图的。相反，如果竞争效应更强，外国供应商就会避免这样做。国内制造商采购低端关键组件是有益的，当低质量和中等质量的关键组件都可用时，这两种影响会变得更加明显。然而，当外国供应商扩大其中等质量零部件的供应时，外国制造商面临不利影响。提供中等质量的产品可能会侵蚀高质量产品的市场份额，而提供低质量的产品可能不会产生相同的效果。此外，我们扩展了基本模型以纳入需求不确定性，并证明了我们主要发现的稳健性。