Wire-arc directed energy deposition (DED-Arc), also known as wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), brings about unprecedented opportunities in the construction sector to improve material efficiency, enhance automation and reduce embodied carbon. To address the current standardisation gap, a normative framework for the use of DED-Arc in construction is proposed in this paper. The current standardisation landscape for additive manufacturing and steel construction is firstly introduced. The standardisation requirements for DED-Arc in construction, encompassing qualification, structural design and execution, are outlined. A quality classification system for DED-Arc construction products and qualification requirements for the manufacturing process and finished parts are required. Regarding the structural design, modifications and additional rules to the Eurocode 3 are needed for DED-Arc structural components, in terms of design material and geometric properties, design methods, reliability and design for long-term and extreme actions. Finally, additional requirements for the execution of steel structures featuring DED-Arc are discussed.

中文翻译：

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建筑业金属增材制造的标准化框架

电弧定向能量沉积 （DED-Arc），也称为电弧增材制造 （WAAM），为建筑行业带来了前所未有的机遇，可以提高材料效率、增强自动化和减少隐含碳。为了解决当前的标准化差距，本文提出了在建筑中使用 DED-Arc 的规范框架。首先介绍了增材制造和钢结构的当前标准化前景。概述了建筑中 DED-Arc 的标准化要求，包括资格认证、结构设计和执行。需要 DED-Arc 建筑产品的质量分类系统以及制造过程和成品零件的资格要求。关于结构设计，DED-Arc 结构组件需要在设计材料和几何特性、设计方法、可靠性以及长期和极端作用设计方面对欧洲规范 3 进行修改和附加规则。最后，讨论了采用 DED-Arc 的钢结构执行的其他要求。