The different vegetation covers and management play an important role in improving soil water retention properties. The present research was carried out on the campus lawns of the University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland, from May to October 2023, to examine the impact of vegetation covers and management, including mowed (A) and non-mowed lawns (B) or flower meadows (C) on soil water retention properties. The experimental plot size for each type of cover was 5 × 5 m2. Soil samples were collected monthly to measure water retention properties, such as current water storage capacity (Sa) and water storage capacity after 4 and 24 hours (S4 and S24). The volumetric water content (VWC (%)), soil water infiltration (seconds), soil temperature (ᵒC), air temperature (ᵒC), and humidity (%) were also measured. Parameters related to soil repellency and soil chemical properties, such as the percent nitrogen and carbon, were also determined. The Kruskal-Walli’s test revealed that the air temperature (ᵒC), soil temperature (ᵒC), volumetric water content (%), infiltration (seconds), nitrogen (%), and Sa (%) were statistically different among different vegetation covers A, B, and C. However, air humidity (%), S4 and S24, and carbon (%) were not statistically different in vegetation covers. The flower meadows recorded lower air temperatures (25 ᵒC) and soil temperatures (23 ᵒC), while the mowed lawn recorded higher air and soil temperatures (28 ᵒC and 27 ᵒC). The non-mowed lawn stored maximum VWC (14 %), and the flower meadow plot took the longest time (100 seconds) to infiltrate the water. The highest mean Sa, around 34 %, was observed in flower meadows and non-mowed lawns, while the lowest Sa was calculated in mowed lawns (25.2 %). It is concluded from the results that the establishment of flower meadows and non-mowed lawns should be encouraged in urban areas to conserve soil water, but mainly to reduce the heat island effect and improve the microclimate.

中文翻译：

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城市低层绿化管理对城市生态系统保水的影响

不同的植被覆盖和管理在改善土壤保水特性方面发挥着重要作用。本研究于 2023 年 5 月至 2023 年 10 月在波兰克拉科夫农业大学的校园草坪上进行，以检查植被覆盖和管理的影响，包括修剪的 （A） 和非修剪的草坪 （B） 或花卉草地 （C） 对土壤保水特性的影响。每种覆盖物的实验地块面积为 5 × 5 m2。每月收集土壤样品以测量保水特性，例如当前蓄水能力 （Sa） 和 4 小时和 24 小时后的蓄水能力 （S4 和 S24）。还测量了体积含水量 （VWC （%））、土壤水分渗透（秒）、土壤温度 （oC）、空气温度 （oC） 和湿度 （%）。还测定了与土壤疏斥性和土壤化学性质相关的参数，例如氮和碳的百分比。Kruskal-Walli 检验显示，不同植被覆盖物 A、B 和 C 之间的空气温度 （oC）、土壤温度 （oC）、体积含水量 （%）、渗透率 （秒）、氮 （%） 和 Sa （%） 在统计学上存在差异。然而，空气湿度 （%）、S4 和 S24 以及碳 （%） 在植被覆盖中没有统计学差异。鲜花草甸的空气温度 （25 oC） 和土壤温度 （23 oC） 较低，而修剪过的草坪的空气和土壤温度较高 （28 oC 和 27 oC）。未修剪的草坪存储了最大的 VWC （14 %），而花草地地渗入水的时间最长 （100 秒）。在鲜花草甸和未修剪的草坪中观察到最高的平均 Sa，约为 34%，而在修剪的草坪中观察到最低的 Sa （25.2%）。 从结果中可以得出结论，应鼓励在城市地区建立花草甸和非修剪草坪以节约土壤水分，但主要是为了减少热岛效应和改善小气候。