As global urbanization accelerates, urban ecosystems undergo profound transformations, necessitating deeper investigations into the ecological effects of urban green patches at varying local scales and their impact on bird community distributions. This study explores the influence of landscape characteristic indices across nine distinct patch types along the urbanization gradient on bird community dynamics at multiple buffer radii. A comprehensive, year-long survey was conducted across 23 sample sites, classifying patches into nine coverage types. Landscape indices were calculated at three buffer scales, and their correlation with bird community characteristics was analyzed, alongside comparisons between regions with differing levels of urbanization. The findings reveal that patch types and their landscape characteristics exert significant, scale-dependent effects on bird diversity and stability. In low-urbanized areas, the area and edge density of tree patches within 100–200 m buffer zones play a crucial role in enhancing bird community characteristics. In highly urbanized areas, the connectivity between small shrubland patches and agricultural land at the 50 m buffer scale is vital for bird survival. Vegetated water patches enhance bird diversity by improving connectivity between patches at different scales, forming an effective network structure. Building patches also make significant contributions to bird diversity. Even at the local scale, urban bird community characteristics are shaped by the combined effects of landscape structure and patch characteristics across multiple buffer scales, with these effects becoming increasingly pronounced as urbanization intensifies.

中文翻译：

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沿城市化梯度的局部斑块景观格局与鸟类群落特征之间的关系

随着全球城市化进程的加速，城市生态系统发生了深刻的变化，因此需要更深入地研究不同局部尺度的城市绿地的生态影响及其对鸟类群落分布的影响。本研究探讨了沿城市化梯度的 9 种不同斑块类型的景观特征指数对多个缓冲区半径下鸟类群落动态的影响。对 23 个样本站点进行了为期一年的全面调查，将补丁分为 9 种覆盖类型。在三个缓冲区尺度上计算景观指数，分析它们与鸟类群落特征的相关性，以及不同城市化水平的地区之间的比较。研究结果表明，斑块类型及其景观特征对鸟类的多样性和稳定性产生了显著的、依赖于尺度的影响。在低城市化地区，100-200 m 缓冲区内树斑的面积和边缘密度在增强鸟类群落特征方面起着至关重要的作用。在高度城市化的地区，50 m 缓冲区规模的小灌木丛和农业用地之间的连通性对于鸟类的生存至关重要。植被水域斑块通过改善不同尺度斑块之间的连通性来增强鸟类多样性，形成有效的网络结构。构建补丁也对鸟类多样性做出了重大贡献。即使在局部尺度上，城市鸟类群落特征也是由景观结构和斑块特征在多个缓冲区尺度上的综合影响塑造的，随着城市化的加剧，这些影响变得越来越明显。