While urban parks are often positioned as multicultural recreation spaces bringing together racially and ethnically diverse visitors, there is mixed evidence regarding such contributions. A variety of factors can constrain or facilitate park visitation among diverse audiences; however, less is known about the factors that impact the diversity of visitors (i.e., mix of visitors from different racial or ethnic backgrounds). With their systems-level knowledge, park agency directors may be especially well positioned to identify socio-spatial constraints and facilitators of diverse visitation. This qualitative study included semi-structured interviews (N = 16) with U.S. urban park agency directors to assess their perceptions of the socio-spatial factors impacting park visitor diversity. Thematic analysis suggests three primary factors working in tandem via constraining and/or facilitating effects and impacts on park welcomeness: (a) legacy of segregation, (b) park condition/safety, and (c) park type/design. Findings demonstrate urban park directors’ understanding of historic and contemporary influences of visitor diversity.

中文翻译：

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种族和民族多元化公园参观的社会空间限制和促进因素：美国城市公园机构负责人的案例研究

虽然城市公园通常被定位为多元文化的娱乐空间，汇集了不同种族和民族的游客，但关于这种贡献的证据好坏参半。各种因素可以限制或促进不同受众的公园参观;然而，人们对影响访客多样性的因素（即来自不同种族或民族背景的访客混合）知之甚少。凭借他们的系统级知识，公园机构负责人可能特别有能力识别社会空间限制和促进多样化访问。这项定性研究包括对美国城市公园机构负责人的半结构化访谈 （N = 16），以评估他们对影响公园游客多样性的社会空间因素的看法。主题分析表明，三个主要因素通过限制和/或促进对公园欢迎的影响和影响协同工作：（a） 隔离的遗留问题，（b） 公园条件/安全，以及 （c） 公园类型/设计。研究结果表明，城市公园主管对游客多样性的历史和现代影响的理解。