This study examines the impact of vehicle automation and onboard activities on travel mode preferences based on a stated choice experiment conducted among 696 visitors to US national parks. Several multinomial and mixed logit models were estimated to analyze preferences for human-driven vehicles (HV), autonomous vehicles (AV), and AVs with work and leisure interiors (AV-WL), and to calculate the associated value of travel time (VOTT). The estimated VOTT values for HV, AV, and AV-WL were $34.80, $31.10, and $29.90 per hour, respectively. The reduction in VOTT from HV to AV and further from AV to AV-WL indicates that vehicle automation and onboard environments have a tangible monetary impact on travelers’ perceived value of time. While in-vehicle activities did not significantly contribute to VOTT for HV, entertainment activities had a measurable impact on VOTT for AV and AV-WL. Although the results indicate that the influence of in-vehicle activities and onboard environments on AV adoption and associated VOTT is less substantial than expected, they highlight that vehicle automation, interior designs, and the propensity for in-vehicle activities and their usefulness are critical factors influencing mode choice decisions in the AV era. Furthermore, these findings suggest that a shift in activity travel patterns due to automation is unlikely unless suitable vehicle interiors are designed to support work and leisure activities. Thus, from a time-use perspective, vehicle automation may exacerbate the issue of larger car sizes, increasing energy consumption and space requirements as automated vehicles with favorable and more spacious interiors become more desirable.

中文翻译：

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车辆自动化、车载环境和车内时间使用：陈述选择实验的结果

本研究根据对美国国家公园 696 名游客进行的既定选择实验，考察了车辆自动化和车载活动对出行方式偏好的影响。估计了几个多项式和混合 logit 模型，以分析对人类驾驶车辆 （HV）、自动驾驶汽车 （AV） 和带有工作和休闲内饰的 AV （AV-WL） 的偏好，并计算旅行时间 （VOTT） 的相关值。HV、AV 和 AV-WL 的估计 VOTT 值分别为每小时 34.80 美元、31.10 美元和 29.90 美元。VOTT 从 HV 到 AV 以及从 AV 进一步减少到 AV-WL 表明，车辆自动化和车载环境对旅行者的时间感知价值产生了切实的货币影响。虽然车内活动对 HV 的 VOTT 没有显著贡献，但娱乐活动对 AV 和 AV-WL 的 VOTT 产生了可衡量的影响。尽管结果表明，车内活动和车载环境对 AV 采用和相关 VOTT 的影响不如预期那么大，但它们强调，车辆自动化、内饰设计以及车内活动的倾向及其实用性是影响 AV 时代模式选择决策的关键因素。此外，这些发现表明，除非设计合适的汽车内饰来支持工作和休闲活动，否则自动化不太可能导致活动出行模式的转变。因此，从时间使用的角度来看，随着具有更有利和更宽敞内部空间的自动驾驶汽车变得越来越受欢迎，车辆自动化可能会加剧更大汽车尺寸的问题，增加能源消耗和空间要求。