BACKGROUNDAnticoagulant rodenticides (ARs) are used globally to manage pest rodent populations. However, resistance to ARs in target rodent populations challenges pest control efforts and can increase risks to nontarget species. Resistance is frequently associated with nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) in the Vkorc1 gene, and this study carried out the first Vkorc1 survey of introduced rats on the Australian mainland.RESULTSWe identified three species of introduced rat using the cytochrome b gene across Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth and Sydney: Rattus rattus (Linnaeus 1758) (Lineage I); Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout 1769); and Rattus tanezumi (Temminck 1844) (Lineage II). Three nsSNPs were detected in the Vkorc1 gene: Tyr25Phe, Trp59Arg and Phe55Ile. The mutation Tyr25Phe, which is associated with resistance to ARs, was identified in 58 of 108 R. rattus (53.7%) and one of 31 R. tanezumi (3.2%). It has been suggested that the mutation Trp59Arg (detected in two R. rattus) can increase susceptibility to haemorrhage, whereas the mutation Phe55Ile (identified in only one R. rattus) has not been reported previously. No nsSNPs were identified in R. norvegicus.CONCLUSIONThis is the first update to the resistance status of introduced rats on the Australian mainland since the 1970s and the first to employ genetic screening. The widespread occurrence of Tyr25Phe in urbanized areas of Australia suggests potential resistance to ARs is common in R. rattus. However, practical resistance conferred by Tyr25Phe needs further investigation as does the role of hybridization in the transfer of resistance from the R. rattus to the R. tanezumi nuclear genome. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

中文翻译：

---

检测到 Vkorc1 单核苷酸多态性表明澳大利亚引入的大鼠存在抗凝血杀鼠剂耐药性†

背景抗凝灭鼠剂 （ARs） 在全球范围内用于管理害虫啮齿动物种群。然而，目标啮齿动物种群对 AR 的耐药性对害虫控制工作提出了挑战，并可能增加非目标物种的风险。耐药性通常与 Vkorc1 基因中的非同义单核苷酸多态性 （nsSNP） 相关，本研究对澳大利亚大陆引入的大鼠进行了首次 Vkorc1 调查。结果我们在布里斯班、墨尔本、珀斯和悉尼使用细胞色素 b 基因鉴定了三种引入的大鼠：Rattus rattus （Linnaeus 1758）（谱系 I）;Rattus norvegicus （Berkenhout 1769）;和 Rattus tanezumi （Temminck 1844） （谱系 II）。在 Vkorc1 基因中检测到 3 个 nsSNP： Tyr25Phe 、 Trp59Arg 和 Phe55Ile。与 AR 抗性相关的突变 Tyr25Phe 在 108 个 R. rattus 中的 58 个 （53.7%） 和 31 个 R. tanezumi 中的 1 个 （3.2%） 中被发现。有人提出，突变 Trp59Arg（在两个 R. rattus 中检测到）会增加出血的易感性，而突变 Phe55Ile（仅在一个 R. rattus 中发现）以前没有报道。在 R. norvegicus 中未鉴定出 nsSNPs。结论这是自 1970 年代以来澳大利亚大陆引进大鼠耐药状态的首次更新，也是首次采用基因筛查。Tyr25Phe 在澳大利亚城市化地区的广泛出现表明，对 ARs 的潜在耐药性在 R. rattus 中很常见。然而，Tyr25Phe 赋予的实际抗性需要进一步研究，杂交在抗性从 R. rattus 转移到 R. tanezumi 核基因组中的作用也需要进一步研究。© 2025 作者。 由 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 代表化学工业协会出版的《害虫管理科学》。