Adjusting practice to different goals and characteristics is key to learning, but its development remains unclear. Across 2 preregistered experiments, 190 4-to-8-year-olds (106 female; mostly White; data collection: December 2021–September 2022) and 31 adults played an easy and a difficult game, then chose one to practice before a test on either the easy, difficult, or a randomly chosen game. All children adjusted their active practice choices to condition. When the test game was known, they practiced that game. However, when the test game was randomly chosen, only children 6+ and adults practiced the difficult game, while younger children only showed a trending effect. This suggests that the ability to prepare for uncertainty may develop between ages 4 and 6.

中文翻译：

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孩子们战略性地决定练习什么

根据不同的目标和特点调整练习是学习的关键，但其发展仍不明朗。在 2 个预先注册的实验中，190 名 4 至 8 岁的儿童（106 名女性;大部分是白人;数据收集：2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 9 月）和 31 名成年人玩了简单和困难的游戏，然后选择一个在测试简单、困难或随机选择的游戏之前进行练习。所有儿童都根据条件调整了他们的积极练习选择。当测试游戏被知道时，他们练习了那个游戏。然而，当随机选择测试游戏时，只有 6+ 和成人练习了高难度游戏，而年龄较小的孩子只表现出趋势效应。这表明为不确定性做准备的能力可能在 4 到 6 岁之间发展。