A broad multidisciplinary approach is deployed to study an exceptional megalithic feature: the stone basin that presides over the chamber of the Matarrubilla tholos, part of the Valencina Copper Age mega-site (Sevilla, Spain). The study, including geoarchaeological characterisation and sourcing of the stone, traceological analysis of its surfaces based on photogrammetry and morphometrics, digital image analysis as well as OSL dating, leads to a number of substantial findings of great relevance to understand the significance of this stone basin, the only of its kind documented to this date in the Iberian Peninsula, with parallels only in Ireland and Malta. Among the most relevant conclusions, it is worth noting the fact that the gypsiferous cataclasite block the basin was made of was brought from the other side of the marine bay that five thousand years ago extended across the south-east of Valencina, this is the first evidence of waterborne transport of a megalithic stone in the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, the basin appears to have been put where it stands today sometime in the first half of the 4th millennium BC, long before any tholoi were built at Valencina, which suggest a prior history of still poorly documented monumentality at this mega-site.

中文翻译：

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航海巨石：瓦伦西纳（西班牙）Matarrubilla 巨石盆地的地质考古方法

采用广泛的多学科方法来研究一个特殊的巨石特征：主持 Matarrubilla tholos 房间的石盆，这是瓦伦西纳铜器时代巨型遗址（西班牙塞维利亚）的一部分。这项研究，包括地质考古特征和石头的来源、基于摄影测量和形态测量的表面溯源分析、数字图像分析以及 OSL 测年，导致了许多重要的发现，这些发现对于理解这个石头盆地的重要性具有重要意义，这是迄今为止在伊比利亚半岛记录的唯一此类盆地。 仅在爱尔兰和马耳他有相似之处。在最相关的结论中，值得注意的是，构成盆地的吉普赛法黑石块是从五千年前延伸到瓦伦西纳东南部的海洋海湾的另一侧带来的，这是伊比利亚半岛巨石水路运输的第一个证据。此外，该盆地似乎是在公元前 4 世纪上半叶的某个时候被放置在今天的位置，远早于瓦伦西纳建造任何 tholoi，这表明这个巨型遗址的纪念性历史仍然记录不佳。