The present study analyses the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban growth in India's rapidly urbanising Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR). A maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm is used to classify land use/land cover from 1999 to 2019 using the Landsat dataset. The spatial indices, landscape metrics, growth type index, Shannon Entropy, and transportation proximity analysis help quantify urban growth, its morphology, complexity, typologies, and transportation-urban growth interactions. The results show that urban areas in MMR expanded by 89 % over two decades. Growth indices, calculated at the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) level, reveal that urban cores across municipal corporations and councils generally exhibit slower growth rates. However, peripheral zones near the cores experience high growth rates. Additionally, rapid expansion is observed in rural and special notified areas, reflecting diverse growth dynamics across the region. Landscape metrics highlight the slowdown in urban growth of Greater Mumbai and the emergence of new urban clusters in other parts of MMR, pointing towards a polycentric development. The growth typologies and compactness of TAZs suggest that different cities in MMR are simultaneously associated with varying growth phases, and these growth phases oscillate between diffusion-coalescence patterns. Proximity analysis to transportation networks suggests a higher degree of dispersion from suburban stations (Hn = 0.84–0.89) compared to highways (Hn = 0.56–0.57), with regression indicating a strong affinity of urban growth to the transportation networks. The study provides valuable insights to the decision-makers for devising proactive policies and strategies to ensure sustainable development.

中文翻译：

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基于卫星影像的规划外城市群时空城市增长动态及其与交通网络的相互作用——以印度孟买大都会区为例

本研究分析了印度快速城市化的孟买大都会区 （MMR） 城市增长的时空动态。最大似然监督分类算法用于通过 Landsat 数据集对 1999 年至 2019 年的土地利用/土地覆被进行分类。空间指数、景观指标、增长类型指数、香农熵和交通邻近分析有助于量化城市增长、其形态、复杂性、类型以及交通-城市增长互动。结果表明，MMR 的城市地区在二十年内扩大了 89%。在交通分析区 （TAZ） 级别计算的增长指数显示，市政公司和议会的城市核心区通常表现出较慢的增长率。然而，靠近核心的外围区域经历了高增长率。此外，在农村和特殊通知地区观察到快速扩张，反映了整个地区不同的增长动态。景观指标突出了大孟买城市增长放缓以及 MMR 其他地区出现的新城市群，表明多中心发展。TAZ 的增长类型和紧凑性表明，MMR 中的不同城市同时与不同的增长阶段相关，并且这些增长阶段在扩散-合并模式之间振荡。与交通网络的邻近性分析表明，与高速公路 （Hn = 0.56–0.57） 相比，郊区车站的离散程度 （Hn = 0.84–0.89） 更高，回归表明城市增长与交通网络具有很强的亲和力。该研究为决策者制定积极的政策和战略以确保可持续发展提供了宝贵的见解。