We investigated the effect of unintentional door-opening events on air exchange rates (AERs) in naturally ventilated environments. Using occupant-generated carbon dioxide (CO2) as a natural tracer gas, we performed experimental measurements in an office setting. We employed the mass-balance approach to estimate AER and CO2 generation rates, focusing on the influence of intermittent door-opening events caused by occupant movement. We observed significant increases in AER during occupancy periods due to unintentional door opening. The AERs increased by 11.5 %, 15.6 %, 40.5 %, and 41.1 % for one, two, three, and four occupants, respectively. We found a strong positive correlation between the number of people entering or leaving per hour and AERs, indicating that occupant movement through hinged doors is the primary driver of air exchange. These results underscore the critical role of unintentional door-opening events in shaping natural ventilation performance and infiltration dynamics. We rigorously validated our estimation model using tests and independent datasets, which confirmed its high predictive accuracy in compliance with ASTM D5157 standards. Our findings have practical implications for the optimization of demand-controlled ventilation and variable air volume systems. By incorporating dynamic occupancy patterns, these systems can increase energy efficiency while maintaining optimal indoor air quality.

中文翻译：

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开门事件对自然通风空间空气交换率的影响

我们调查了自然通风环境中意外开门事件对空气交换率 （AER） 的影响。使用居住者产生的二氧化碳 （CO2） 作为天然示踪气体，我们在办公室环境中进行了实验测量。我们采用质量平衡方法来估计 AER 和 CO2 生成率，重点关注乘员移动引起的间歇性开门事件的影响。我们观察到，由于意外开门，入住期间 AER 显着增加。一名、两名、三名和四名乘客的 AER 分别增加了 11.5 %、15.6 %、40.5 % 和 41.1 %。我们发现每小时进出的人数与 AER 之间存在很强的正相关关系，这表明乘员通过铰链门的移动是空气交换的主要驱动力。这些结果强调了意外开门事件在塑造自然通风性能和渗透动力学方面的关键作用。我们使用测试和独立数据集严格验证了我们的估计模型，证实了其符合 ASTM D5157 标准的高预测准确性。我们的研究结果对优化需求控制通风和可变风量系统具有实际意义。通过采用动态占用模式，这些系统可以提高能源效率，同时保持最佳的室内空气质量。