This study investigates students' exposure to indoor black carbon (BC) in classrooms, with a focus on how student behavior influences indoor BC concentrations. The significance of this research lies in the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to BC, particularly in educational buildings where children spend extended periods. This study aimed to assess indoor BC concentrations, analyze exposure pathways, and examine the effects of natural ventilation on indoor BC levels. BC exposure was assessed based on students’ window and door-opening behaviors during class hours, by measuring BC concentrations indoors and outdoors over a period of 6–8 days at four urban schools in South Korea. Health risks associated with BC exposure were analyzed using the human health risk assessment framework proposed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The outcomes demonstrated that BC concentrations increased during morning student entry, with 52 % of daily BC exposure occurring while students were in classrooms. Window and door openings substantially influenced indoor BC levels, with students inhaling an average of 4.91 μg of BC daily during class hours. In some cases, BC exposure exceeded safe health thresholds, highlighting the need for effective ventilation strategies. Students should also be aware of the risks of BC exposure during their morning commute and classroom hours to more effectively safeguard their health.

中文翻译：

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韩国城市学校建筑中的黑碳浓度和健康影响：关注学生行为模式

本研究调查了学生在课堂上接触室内黑碳 （BC） 的情况，重点是学生行为如何影响室内黑碳浓度。这项研究的意义在于与长期接触 BC 相关的潜在健康风险，尤其是在儿童长时间逗留的教育建筑中。本研究旨在评估室内 BC 浓度，分析暴露途径，并检查自然通风对室内 BC 水平的影响。通过测量韩国四所城市学校 6-8 天内室内和室外的 BC 浓度，根据学生在上课时间内开窗和开门的行为评估 BC 暴露。使用美国环境保护署提出的人类健康风险评估框架分析与 BC 暴露相关的健康风险。结果表明，BC 浓度在学生早上入学时增加，每天 52% 的 BC 暴露发生在学生在教室里时。门窗的打开对室内 BC 水平产生了重大影响，学生在上课时间平均每天吸入 4.91 μg BC。在某些情况下，BC 暴露超过了安全健康阈值，这凸显了有效通风策略的必要性。学生还应该意识到在早上通勤和上课时间接触 BC 的风险，以更有效地保护他们的健康。