Vegetable wastes in general do not compost well due to their high moisture content (MC) and low dry mass. To overcome these obstacles, in this study co-composting of Chinese cabbage wastes (CA) or celery wastes (CE) with corn stover and sheep manure was utilized to improve the composting performance, and the effects of the additives on microbiota during composting and microbial degradation of lignocellulose and synthesis of humic acid (HA) were investigated. The results showed that addition of 25 % corn stover or 40 % sheep manure increased hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin destruction by 24.6 % - 29.9 %, 5.5 % - 14.0 % and 8.3 % - 17.3 %, respectively, and produced 20.5 % - 48.9 % more humic acid (HA). LEfSe analysis found that addition of 25 % corn stover or 40 % sheep manure promoted growth of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms alongside with the transformation of anaerobic fermentation into aerobic fermentation, and analyses of bacterial and fungal functions testified that the addition of corn stover or sheep manure increased microbial activities related to aerobic chemoheterotrophy, lignocellulosic degradation and activities of saprotroph at different stages. Mantel test showed total organic carbon (TOC), moisture content (MC) and EC were positively correlated to bacterial biomarker and fungal biomarker, which were also significantly correlated to HA. The addition of 25 % corn stover or 40 % sheep manure was very effective in ameliorating the aeration state and provide alternative carbon sources during composting to promote growth of lignocellulose-degrading microorganisms, which increased lignocellulose degradation and saprophytic activities to accelerate the synthesis of HA.

中文翻译：

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添加剂改变微生物群，促进蔬菜废弃物堆肥中腐殖酸的形成

蔬菜废弃物通常不能很好地堆肥，因为它们的水分含量 （MC） 高和干质量低。为了克服这些障碍，本研究利用大白菜废弃物 （CA） 或芹菜废弃物 （CE） 与玉米秸秆和羊粪共堆肥来提高堆肥性能，并研究了添加剂在堆肥过程中对微生物群的影响以及木质纤维素的微生物降解和腐殖酸 （HA） 的合成。结果表明，添加 25 % 的玉米秸秆或 40 % 的羊粪使半纤维素、纤维素和木质素的破坏分别增加了 24.6 % - 29.9 %、5.5 % - 14.0 % 和 8.3 % - 17.3 %，并产生了 20.5 % - 48.9 % 的腐植酸 （HA）。LEfSe 分析发现，添加 25% 玉米秸秆或 40% 羊粪促进了木质纤维素降解微生物的生长，同时厌氧发酵转化为好氧发酵，细菌和真菌功能的分析证明，玉米秸秆或羊粪的添加增加了与好氧化学异养、木质纤维素降解和腐生菌活性相关的微生物活性在不同阶段。Mantel 试验显示总有机碳 （TOC） 、水分含量 （MC） 和 EC 与细菌生物标志物和真菌生物标志物呈正相关，而细菌生物标志物和真菌生物标志物也与 HA 显著相关。添加 25 % 的玉米秸秆或 40 % 的羊粪非常有效地改善通气状态，并在堆肥过程中提供替代碳源，以促进木质纤维素降解微生物的生长，从而增加木质纤维素降解和腐生活性，加速 HA 的合成。