This article offers a critical rereading of the historiography on the role of women in the Italian Resistance. It starts with the postwar period, marked by a general silence and the prevailing image of women as mothers and staffette. In the 1970s, the first historical elaboration of women’s experiences began in all northern regions, leading to the now iconic concept of the ‘silent Resistance’. In the 1990s, a dialogue developed with other historiographical categories, such as the concept of ‘civil resistance’ developed by Jacques Sémelin and the ‘war on civilians’, but this approach ran the risk of reducing women’s contribution to ‘powerless’ acts. Although today women’s history is fully integrated into the narrative canon of the Resistance, it faces new challenges, such as the confrontation with ‘other’ (mainly non-European) resistances and new public uses of history. The article suggests that women’s history has been, if not the only, then certainly the most important means by which new dimensions of the partisan movement and the Second World War have been brought to the fore, shedding light on the specificities of the conflict experienced by women, but also shaping the very notion of resistance by overcoming a purely militarist vision.

本文对关于女性在意大利抵抗运动中的作用的历史学进行了批判性的重读。它从战后时期开始，以普遍的沉默和女性作为母亲和工作人员的普遍形象为标志。1970 年代，所有北方地区都开始了对女性经历的第一次历史阐述，导致了现在标志性的“无声抵抗”概念。在 1990 年代，与其他史学类别展开了对话，例如雅克·塞梅林 （Jacques Sémelin） 提出的“公民抵抗”概念和“对平民的战争”，但这种方法有可能减少女性对“无权无势”行为的贡献。尽管今天女性历史已经完全融入抵抗运动的叙事经典中，但它面临着新的挑战，例如与“其他”（主要是非欧洲）抵抗运动的对抗和对历史的新公共利用。文章指出，妇女历史一直是（如果不是唯一的话）无疑是游击队运动和第二次世界大战的新维度被推向前台的最重要手段，揭示了妇女所经历的冲突的特殊性，但也通过克服纯粹的军国主义愿景塑造了抵抗的概念。