This study assesses colorectal neoplasia yields at screening colonoscopy in adults aged 45 to 49 years vs 50 to 54 years in a large US health system after the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) began recommending that average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45 years.

This JAMA Insights explores the spread of harmful algal blooms due to climate change and how exposure to toxic algae can negatively affect human health.

This study analyzes current US-marketed disposable e-cigarettes, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved products, and nicotine-free products for presence of the high-intensity artificial sweetener neotame.

This Viewpoint explores how a publicly searchable US Food and Drug Administration database of medical device labels could improve decision-making, transparency, and public health.

This Medical News article discusses the recent Exposome Moonshot Forum, a global meeting to accelerate research in exposomics—the study of the full range of environmental exposures that shape health and disease.

ImportancePlatelet transfusion is a frequent procedure with benefits and risks.ObjectiveTo provide recommendations in adult and pediatric populations in whom platelet transfusions are commonly performed.Evidence ReviewGrading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology was applied to findings from 21 randomized trials and 13 observational studies in contexts of limited

A woman with no significant medical history had 3 days of headache, fatigue, and expressive aphasia; laboratory testing showed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, increasing schistocytes on serial blood smears, diminished ADAMTS13 activity, and a high inhibitor titer. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

This Viewpoint explores the various challenges of aging in place and how long-term care planning and essential community resources can benefit older adults.

In this narrative medicine essay, a geriatrician and palliative care physician finds comfort after her husband’s death by reading notes and viewing video messages he left on his phone.

This Perspective discusses the underappreciated importance of how the existing Affordable Care Act (ACA) has been implemented and how implementation effects have varied across administrations and across states during its lifespan.

This Viewpoint explores the widespread effects cuts to Medicaid funding could have on the US medical system, including limitations on states, hospitals, and physicians, as well as low-income beneficiaries.

ImportanceUveitis is characterized by inflammation of the uvea—the middle portion of the eye composed of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid—causing eye redness, pain, photophobia, floaters, and blurred vision. Untreated uveitis may cause cataracts, glaucoma, macular edema, retinal detachment, optic nerve damage, and vision loss.ObservationsUveitis predominantly affects individuals aged 20 to 50 years

This Viewpoint describes the World Health Assembly’s newly adopted Pandemic Agreement, which lays a framework for action including preventing zoonotic spillovers, health system preparedness, and equitable response, and discusses the ramifications of the absence of US participation in the agreement.

This Medical News article discusses how legalized US sports betting, predominantly online, is affecting public health and what policymakers and clinicians can do to help.

In this narrative medicine essay, a Fulbright scholar with a congenital heart defect who grew up in a warm, supportive environment in and out of the hospital writes about how his sense of safety and well-being began to fray when he went to college.

This Viewpoint discusses how abortion and in vitro fertilization (IVF) are comparable practices because they are family-building medical interventions; therefore, abortion access should be as important as IVF access.

This JAMA Insights discusses the FDA approval of remestemcel-L-rknd to treat graft-vs-host disease in children and provides regulatory considerations for this approval.

This Viewpoint discusses the need to develop products, such as long-acting antiretrovirals, for people with HIV in settings with minimal resource requirements.

ImportanceImmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (iTTP) is a life-threatening thrombotic microangiopathy that presents with microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia. Worldwide annual incidence of iTTP is 2 cases per million to 6 cases per million.ObservationsImmune TTP is caused by an autoantibody to a disintegrin and metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 13 (ADAMTS13)

Importance Individuals at risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but without spirometric airflow obstruction can have respiratory symptoms and structural lung disease on chest computed tomography. Current guidelines recommend COPD diagnostic schemas that do not incorporate imaging abnormalities. Objective To determine whether a multidimensional COPD diagnostic schema that includes respiratory

This Medical News article is an interview with Stanford University economist Susan Athey, PhD, about the clinical practice implications of her recent research on machine learning and causal vs predictive targeting for student financial aid renewal.

This Medical News article discusses the impact that proposed federal funding cuts for rural health care programs would have on individuals and their communities.

In this narrative medicine essay, a medical student’s clinical skills placement at an orthopedic knee clinic seems less than the lifesaving, powerful medicine she had hoped to learn about.

This cross-sectional study compares medical spending on vision and dental care among veterans enrolled in Medicare Advantage vs veterans enrolled in traditional Medicare.

This cross-sectional study examines the number of beneficiaries affected by insurance plans exiting the market following the Inflation Reduction Act redesign of Medicare Part D.

ImportanceAmiloride has been proposed as an alternative to spironolactone for treating resistant hypertension. However, no randomized clinical trials have compared the efficacy of spironolactone and amiloride in patients with resistant hypertension.ObjectiveTo determine whether amiloride is noninferior to spironolactone in reducing home-measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with resistant

A 37-year-old woman with no history of lung disease experienced sudden-onset tearing pain in her jaw several minutes into a routine air-powder dental polishing; chest radiography and computed tomography showed air located in the fascial planes of her neck and mediastinum. What is the diagnosis and what would you do next?

This systematic review to support a 2025 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and harms of treatment of syphilis during pregnancy.

Importance Untreated syphilis infection during pregnancy can be passed to the fetus, causing congenital syphilis. Congenital syphilis is associated with premature birth, low birth weight, stillbirth, neonatal death, and significant abnormalities in the infant such as deformed bones, anemia, enlarged liver and spleen, jaundice, brain and nerve problems (eg, permanent vision or hearing loss), and meningitis

This JAMA Patient Page describes syphilis infection, risks of congenital syphilis during pregnancy, and pros and cons of screening for syphilis during pregnancy.