BackgroundHealth systems in the Commonwealth perform suboptimally in relation to cancer control. We applied a proprietary health system analysis framework to benchmark cancer control infrastructure and explore the implications for health systems to enhance the cancer response. MethodsIn this multinational, population-based observational study across all 56 Commonwealth countries, we analysed data across

No Abstract

BackgroundZanidatamab, a dual human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted bispecific antibody, previously demonstrated encouraging antitumour activity and a manageable safety profile in patients with treatment-refractory HER2-expressing gastro-oesophageal adenocarcinoma. Here, we evaluated the antitumour activity and safety of zanidatamab plus chemotherapy in first-line HER2-positive advanced

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

Lou E, Choudhry MS, Starr TK, et al. Targeting the intracellular immune checkpoint CISH with CRISPR-Cas9-edited T cells in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer: a first-in-human, single-centre, phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol 2025; 26: 559–70—In this Article, several appendix citations referred to the incorrect page and have been updated, and a corrected appendix file has been uploaded. Additionally

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

BackgroundCurrent first-line treatment for patients with metastatic melanoma with BRAFV600E or BRAFV600K mutations includes immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapy; however, the optimal sequencing of these treatments is unclear. We aimed to investigate the use of a targeted-therapy induction regimen before treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. MethodsThis open-label

BackgroundIn the ongoing EV-302 trial, first-line enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab improved progression-free survival and overall survival versus platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) from EV-302 are reported here. MethodsEV-302 was a phase 3, open-label, two-group, randomised global study to evaluate the

BackgroundSurvivors of childhood cancer are at risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) associated with exposure to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as with genetic predisposition. We aimed to estimate the relative contributions of these risk factors to the total SN burden in survivor populations. MethodsWe analysed data from two retrospectively constructed cohorts with ongoing recruitment and prospective

Survivors of head and neck cancer have complex nutritional and supportive care needs. These needs result from the tumour's proximity to organs essential for normal eating function and the intensive treatment targeting those organs. Despite the crucial role of nutrition and supportive care in head and neck cancer, research and funding are lacking compared with other cancer types. This Review was compiled

Cancer is a global health challenge, with considerable disparities in care and outcomes across regions. Up to half of health outcome disparities are driven by social determinants of health. Addressing these disparities has become a priority. The Commonwealth of Nations—an international association of 56 countries tied together by common language and historical heritage—has a focus on universal health

In this Policy Review, we examine cancer incidence and mortality rates across Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on national cancer control plans (NCCPs) as frameworks for reducing the cancer burden in the region. By 2022, only 16 countries had active NCCPs, with eight being cancer specific and eight being integrated into public health plans. Our analysis found that dedicated NCCPs were linked

Section snippets ContributorsXL was responsible for data collection and figure preparation. YL undertook the literature search, conducted data analysis, interpreted the data, and drafted the manuscript. Declaration of interestsWe declare no competing interests.

BackgroundIn the PSMAfore study, lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (vipivotide tetraxetan) significantly improved radiographic progression-free survival compared with change of androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) in taxane-naive patients with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Here, we present in-depth analyses of time to worsening

No Abstract

No Abstract

BackgroundWHO introduced the Model List of Essential Medicines (EML) for neoplasm in 1977, with updates every 2 years. Addressing inequities in access is crucial for ensuring that the benefits of treatment advancements are accessible. We aimed to evaluate international patterns in the consumption and expenditure of cancer medicines listed by the WHO EML. MethodsIn this multinational drug use study

No Abstract

Section snippets PART for prostate cancerAccording to Gert De Meerleer (University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium) and colleagues, adding elective para-aortic radiotherapy to whole pelvic radiotherapy along with androgen deprivation therapy yields excellent oncological outcomes. With a median follow-up of 50 months, an interim analysis of 96 patients with pN1 prostate cancer enrolled into a phase 2 trial

No Abstract

No Abstract

Immunotherapy combinations have revolutionised the therapeutic landscape of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but not all yield a significant overall survival benefit, underscoring the need for novel effective agents. Anlotinib plus penpulimab has demonstrated encouraging activity and safety in a phase 2 study. In this phase 3 trial, we aimed to assess whether the combination of anlotinib plus

Carriers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variants are at elevated risk of developing breast and ovarian cancers. To mitigate ovarian cancer risk, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) is commonly recommended for unaffected carriers and those with personal breast cancer history. Assessing BSO's long-term health outcomes in carriers with previous breast cancer history is essential. This study aims to examine

No Abstract

Little evidence exists on the effect of risk-reducing surgeries in young BRCA carriers with a previous history of breast cancer. We investigated the association between risk-reducing mastectomy (RRM) or risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), or both procedures, with survival outcomes in a large global cohort of young BRCA carriers with previous breast cancer.

No Abstract

Various locoregional treatments exist for PET–CT-detected pelvic nodal oligorecurrences in patients with prostate cancer. We aimed to assess whether elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) to the pelvis would be superior to metastasis-directed therapy (MDT).

New HER2-targeted regimens, including chemotherapy-free options, are needed for metastatic breast cancer. In an ongoing, two-part, phase 2a study, we assessed the safety and antitumour activity of zanidatamab, a HER2-targeted bispecific antibody, plus palbociclib and fulvestrant, in heavily pretreated patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-positive advanced or metastatic breast cancer.

Localised squamous cell carcinoma of the anus is treated with radical chemoradiotherapy. Cure rates are high, but treatment can result in substantial acute and long-term morbidity. We aimed to assess whether lower dose chemoradiotherapy maintains high local control rates in patients with early-stage disease, with the secondary aim of reducing toxicity.

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

Fennell DA, Ewings S, Ottensmeier C, et al. Nivolumab versus placebo in patients with relapsed malignant mesothelioma (CONFIRM): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22: 1530–40—The appendix of this Article has been corrected as of April 30, 2025.

Wang M, Jurczak W, Trneny M, et al. Ibrutinib plus venetoclax in relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (SYMPATICO): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol 2025; 26: 200–13—In figure 2 of this Article, the data for age, splenomegaly, and extranodal disease were incorrect and have been amended. These corrections have been made to the online version

Bhamani A, Creamer A, Verghese P, et al. Low-dose CT for lung cancer screening in a high-risk population (SUMMIT): a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Lancet Oncol 2025; 26: 609–19—In this Article, Claire Levermore's affiliation should have been “University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK”. This correction has been made to the online version as of April 30, 2025, and

Pe M, Voltz-Girolt C, Bell J, et al. Using patient-reported outcomes and health-related quality of life data in regulatory decisions on cancer treatment: highlights from an EMA-EORTC workshop. Lancet Oncol 2025; published online April 14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(25)00150-0—In this Essay, the affiliation of Jill Bell should have been Evinova an AstraZeneca Group, Gaithersburg, MD, USA only

No Abstract

Section snippets From symbolism to systemic changeIn Tanzania, a groundbreaking project is taking shape under the watchful eye of the US Embassy. The Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, at the base of Africa's highest peak, is the site of a new cancer radiotherapy centre. It's a striking contrast: patients receiving cancer treatment in the shadow of the majestic Mount Kilimanjaro. This centre, built

No Abstract

Infections are the second leading cause of death in patients with cancer and are often caused by resistant bacteria. However, the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in outpatients with cancer is not well understood. We aimed to compare the frequency of AMR bacterial pathogens in outpatients with and without cancer.

Accumulating evidence indicates that about 30–40% of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer might achieve excellent outcomes without chemotherapy. Therefore, we aimed to test the pathological complete response after the addition of pembrolizumab to dual anti-HER2 blockade and omission of chemotherapy in patients with HER2-enriched breast cancer.

Clinical prediction models are increasingly used to guide treatment in patients with early breast cancer. The Danish Breast Cancer Group (DBCG) has developed a prognostic standard mortality rate index (PSI) for prediction of excess mortality based on 5 years of endocrine therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of the PSI.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a substantial global health threat. Patients with haematological malignancies have an increased risk of AMR infection due to disease-related and treatment-related immunosuppression. This scoping review searched four bibliographic databases from Jan 1, 2000, to Dec 7, 2023, for publications on AMR bacterial infections in patients with haematological malignancies and