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BackgroundIn gestational diabetes, one of the key factors affecting perinatal outcomes is glycaemic control. We aimed to investigate the effect of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) on perinatal outcomes versus self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). MethodsIn this open-label, randomised, controlled trial, we recruited pregnant individuals aged 18–45 years with gestational diabetes, according

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Jolliffe DA, Camargo CA Jr, Sluyter JD, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of stratified aggregate data. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; 13: 307–20—In this Article, the affiliation for Prof Rachel E Neale has been corrected. This correction has been made to the online version as of May 16, 2025.

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BackgroundAdrenal incidentalomas are found in 3–10% of adults undergoing abdominal imaging. Of these, 30–50% are responsible for mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS), which is frequently associated with hypertension. The impact of adrenalectomy on hypertension in patients with unilateral incidentalomas and MACS remains uncertain. The aim of the CHIRACIC study was to prospectively assess the impact

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Thyroid eye disease (TED; also known as Graves' orbitopathy), causes swollen extraocular muscles and orbital fat. Mechanistically, TED involves lid retraction, oedema and redness of the eyelids and conjunctiva, proptosis, diplopia, and optic neuropathy. Investigation of TED involves assessment of disease activity (inflammation) and disease severity. TED is predominantly mild in 77% of cases, moderate-to-severe

Atila C, Chifu I, Drummond JB, et al. A novel diagnostic score for diagnosing arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) or primary polydipsia with basal laboratory and clinical parameters: results from two international multicentre prospective diagnostic studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; published online April 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00053-1—The second appendix

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Knowler WC, Doherty L, Edelstein SL, et al. Long-term effects and effect heterogeneity of lifestyle and metformin interventions on type 2 diabetes incidence over 21 years in the US Diabetes Prevention Program randomised clinical trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; published online April 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00022-1—In figure 1 in this Article, in the intensive lifestyle intervention

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Orandi BJ, Chen Y, Li Y, et al.. GLP-1 receptor agonists in kidney transplant recipients with pre-existing diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; 13: 374–83—In figure 1 and table 2 of this Article, precise data in cells with 11 or fewer patients should have been suppressed. These corrections have been made to the online version as of April 30, 2025.

In patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer that have distant metastases and no iodine uptake, redifferentiation—ie, the restoration of tumoural 131I uptake with systemic therapy—is now possible. The use of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors for a short period of time before the administration of high activity 131I shows promising results with iodine uptake restoration and

Atila C, Chifu I, Drummond JB, et al. A novel diagnostic score for diagnosing arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) or primary polydipsia with basal laboratory and clinical parameters: results from two international multicentre prospective diagnostic studies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; published online April 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00053-1—In this Article

Choy KW, Chiang C. Diagnosing arginine vasopressin deficiency and primary polydipsia. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; published online April 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00067-1—In this Comment, the Article name for reference 5 should have been “A novel diagnostic score for diagnosing arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) or primary polydipsia with basal laboratory

Substantial weight reduction is often associated with loss of muscle mass. Tirzepatide has been associated with significant reductions in body weight in type 2 diabetes trials and a beneficial effect on body fat distribution in the SURPASS-3 MRI substudy. This post-hoc exploratory analysis studied the association of tirzepatide treatment with changes in thigh muscle volume, muscle volume Z score, and

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In the US Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), a 3-year randomised clinical trial in 3234 adults with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes incidence was reduced by 58% with intensive lifestyle intervention (ILS) and by 31% with metformin, compared with placebo. We sought to assess the long-term effects and potential heterogeneity of treatment effects over approximately 21 years of follow-up.

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Distinguishing arginine vasopressin deficiency (central diabetes insipidus) from primary polydipsia is challenging. There is no validated initial laboratory assessment or diagnostic score to rule-in or rule-out arginine vasopressin deficiency during the first consultation. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of basal laboratory parameters and to develop a practical diagnostic

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Wilson CA. New opportunities to prevent inequalities in child development? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; published online April 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(25)00087-7—In this Comment, the third sentence of the second paragraph should read as follows: “Besides the more obvious criterion of temporality (cause occurring before effect), there is evidence of a biological gradient or dose–response

Maternal diabetes might alter fetal brain development. However, well-designed systematic analyses are needed to comprehensively assess and quantify the association between maternal diabetes and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children. We aimed to synthesise and evaluate the available evidence on the effects of maternal diabetes on neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.

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For individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes, weight loss improves insulin sensitivity and β-cell function and can induce remission of diabetes. However, the long-term comparative effectiveness of standard gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on remission of type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We aimed to compare the effects of gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy on type 2 diabetes remission, weight

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The health risks of severe obesity can be reduced with metabolic and bariatric surgery, but it is uncertain which operation is most effective or cost-effective. We aimed to compare Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, and sleeve gastrectomy in patients with severe obesity.

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There is a well-established link between the severity of hypertriglyceridaemia and acute pancreatitis and long-term triglyceride-lowering therapies known to prevent episodes of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, it has been assumed, without firm evidence, that rapid lowering of plasma triglycerides would be an effective strategy for reducing the clinical severity of acute pancreatitis and improving health

Munshi M, Kahkoska AR, Neumiller JJ, et al. Realigning diabetes regimens in older adults: a 4S Pathway to guide simplification and deprescribing strategies. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; published online Feb 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(24)00372-3—In this Review, the email address of the corresponding author is mmunshi@bidmc.harvard.edu. This correction has been made to the online version

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Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare endocrine malignancy. The management of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma is challenging for several reasons, including its heterogeneous but frequently aggressive biological behaviour; tumour-related hormonal excess (eg, Cushing's syndrome or virilisation); the overall paucity of evidence regarding diagnostic investigation and treatment; the approval of only

Beran D, Bandini A, Bosi E, et al. Type 1 diabetes screening: need for ethical, equity, and health systems perspective. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2025; 13: 175–76—In this Correspondence, the spelling of author Marie-Anne Burckhardt's name was incorrect. This correction has been made to the online version as of March 6, 2025.

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Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration/EPIC-CVD/Vitamin D Studies Collaboration. Estimating dose-response relationships for vitamin D with coronary heart disease, stroke, and all-cause mortality: observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12: e2–11—The appendix of this Article has been corrected as of March 5, 2025.

Given the cardiovascular, renal, and survival benefits of GLP-1 receptor agonists for diabetes, these agents could be effective among kidney transplant recipients. However, kidney transplant recipients are distinct from GLP-1 receptor agonist trial participants, with longer diabetes duration and severity, greater end-organ damage, increased cardiovascular risk, and multimorbidity. We examined GLP-1

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Data on tirzepatide in Asian patients with obesity are limited. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of tirzepatide for treatment of Japanese patients with obesity disease (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 with excessive fat accumulation) as defined by the Japanese Society for the Study of Obesity.

Bodyweight loss is associated with type 2 diabetes remission; however, the quantitative relationship between the degree of bodyweight loss and the likelihood of remission, after controlling for confounding factors, remains unknown. We aimed to analyse the relationship between the degree of bodyweight loss and diabetes remission after controlling for various confounding factors, and to provide estimates

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