BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Disturbed sleep is common after stroke, yet its relationship with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and cognitive performance in the stroke population, particularly patients with TIA/mild stroke who are on the milder end of the cerebrovascular spectrum, remains understudied. We aim to examine the associations of self-reported sleep metrics with neuroimaging markers of SVD

OBJECTIVES The 2024 American Heart Association and American Stroke Association stroke prevention guideline newly recommended glucose-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) for primary prevention of stroke in patients with diabetes and elevated risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). We aimed to characterize the population newly recommended GLP-1s. METHODS This cross-sectional study

A 57-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of progressive gait unsteadiness, diminished lower extremity sensation, and a chronic cough. His symptoms began as episodic balance issues and visual disturbances but progressively worsened, leading to frequent tripping. Physical examination revealed sensory deficits in the lower extremities and cerebellar signs, including nystagmus, dysmetria, and

We report a 59-year-old man with a progressively deteriorating neurologic presentation characterized by dysarthria and gait instability. Neurologic examination revealed pseudobulbar palsy, cerebellar ataxia, and pyramidal signs. Neuroimaging demonstrated irregular brainstem and cerebellar lesions with minimal mass effect and partial enhancement. Bilateral heel swelling, an uncommon clinical presentation

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The long-term reproductive safety of migraine medications remains uncertain. This study sought to examine the effect of different intensities and durations of prenatal exposure to triptans, alone and combined with other preventive migraine medications, on neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children. METHODS This nationwide health registry study in Norway included pregnancies

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES While digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is traditionally used for moyamoya disease (MMD) assessment, its invasiveness and limitations necessitate alternative methods. The higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio of 7T MRI improve the clarity of the image and retains the details of the structures. We aimed to assess the performance of 7T MRI in identifying

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Status epilepticus (SE) is associated with high short-term mortality, but data on long-term outcomes, including recurrence and mortality, are limited. The aim of this study was to describe recurrence and postdischarge mortality rates up to 3 years after an initial SE and identify the associated risk factors. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving all patients

We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with a palpable leg tremor on standing. This case highlights the need to consider a broad range of potential causes, particularly in cases with atypical presentations. The discussion offers an overview of how the final diagnosis was evaluated and treated.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) is a rare disease characterized by upper motor neuron (UMN) degeneration. We aimed to elucidate the natural history in patients with UMN syndromes suggestive of PLS and validate the most recent diagnostic (consensus) criteria. METHODS A validation study of a long-term follow-up cohort was conducted, including adults with UMN syndromes and disease

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES In the United States, stroke is the third leading cause of death among women, with 1 in 5 women aged 55 to 75 years expected to experience a stroke. The Brain Care Score (BCS) is an evidence-based tool designed to motivate lifestyle changes, with higher scores associated with reduced risk of stroke, dementia, and depression. We aim to measure the association of the BCS and

OBJECTIVES Status epilepticus (SE) is a neurologic emergency that requires urgent recognition and medical management. SE management remains heterogeneous across centers. METHODS We analyzed SE treatment protocols from level 3 and level 4 epilepsy centers. Discrete data including stabilization measures, timing of treatment phases, medications, doses, and routes of administration were collected from

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a common pathology for pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy, yet detection of FCD on clinical MRI is challenging. Magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) is a novel quantitative imaging technique providing fast and reliable tissue property measurements. The aim of this study was to develop an MRF-based deep-learning (DL) framework for whole-brain

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Investigation of olfactory impairment, an early manifestation of Alzheimer disease (AD), in relation to plasma biomarkers of AD and neurodegeneration could provide insights into the disease's pathophysiology. Because few such studies based on large, diverse, community-based populations exist, we investigated associations of odor identification ability with plasma biomarkers

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Obesity is a modifiable dementia risk factor, but body mass index does not account for fat distribution, particularly visceral fat, which is more strongly linked to metabolic and cardiovascular health. Despite its relevance, research on visceral fat and dementia is limited, especially in large-scale prospective studies. The aim of this study was to assess the association between

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke (IS) is a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide, with ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure being a significant modifiable risk factor. While PM2.5 concentrations have declined in some regions, global assessments examining how these changes affect the IS burden remain limited. The aim of this study was to quantify changes in IS burden

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Aligning biomarker evidence with clinical presentation in early Alzheimer disease (AD) is essential for improving diagnosis, prognosis, and interventions. This study evaluates the relationship between cognitive impairment, future decline, and phosphorylated tau levels in plasma and CSF in predementia AD. METHODS This longitudinal observational study included predementia cases

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Five to 10 percent of patients with sarcoidosis show involvement of the nervous system. Given the serious nature of neurosarcoidosis and the high risk of irreversible neurologic damage, rapid diagnosis, accurate prognostication, and individualized treatment are crucial. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with relapses in neurosarcoidosis. METHODS In this

This Evidence in Focus reviews the current evidence on the efficacy and adverse effects of delandistrogene moxeparvovec in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and presents clinical considerations regarding use. The author panel systematically reviewed available clinical trial data on delandistrogene moxeparvovec in patients with DMD. The risk of bias was evaluated using the American Academy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES By definition, patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) should not have residual symptoms beyond 24 hours. However, preliminary evidence indicates lasting challenges such as fatigue. It is unknown who develops fatigue, and the extent. This knowledge is required to develop evidence-based support for patients. We aimed to explore fatigue up to 12 months after TIA and determine

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The amyloid cascade hypothesis posits that Alzheimer disease (AD) progresses from amyloid deposition to tau deposition, neurodegeneration, and eventually cognitive impairment and is the foundation of the revised criteria of Alzheimer's Association Workgroup 2024 (AA-2024). To account for copathologies and cognitive resilience that affect the penetrance of the AD cascade, AA-2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) is a rare central disorder of hypersomnolence characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, prolonged nighttime sleep, and sleep inertia. Low-sodium oxybate is the sole Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for IH. Objective measures of nighttime sleep and daytime sleepiness are lacking with oxybates in IH. We aimed to evaluate efficacy

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cortical lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS) severely affect cognition, but their longitudinal evolution and impact on specific cognitive functions remain understudied. This study investigates the evolution of function-specific cognitive functioning over 10 years in people with MS and assesses the influence of cortical lesion load and formation on these trajectories. METHODS

A 62-year-old man presented with acute onset of symmetric burning dysesthesias in the buttocks, accompanied by saddle hypoesthesia and bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction. Initially, the clinical presentation was suggestive of cauda equina syndrome. However, the initial contrast-enhanced lumbar MRI revealed no evidence of extrinsic compression or enhancement of the lumbosacral nerve roots or conus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Insight into APOE-related pathways is important to unravel pathophysiology and identify therapeutic targets against late-life cognitive decline. We aimed to estimate mediators of APOE ε4 on cognition and dementia through different disease markers on structural in vivo brain imaging. METHODS All participants from the population-based Rotterdam Study who underwent brain MRI

An 89-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of chronic daily headaches that significantly worsened over the past 4 months. Initially episodic, the left-sided headaches became continuous and were accompanied by systemic symptoms such as weight loss and elevated inflammatory markers, specifically C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Over subsequent weeks, the neurologic examination

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in older patients. Whether CAA is associated with isolated subdural hemorrhage (SDH), without an accompanying ICH, remains unclear. We, therefore, tested this relationship in a large, heterogeneous sample of patients across the United States. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study