In the JAVELIN Bladder 100 randomized phase 3 trial (N = 700), avelumab first-line maintenance plus best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged overall survival (OS; primary endpoint) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus BSC alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) without progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). Here, we report exploratory analyses

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The optimal approach for prostate cancer (PC) screening, including the ideal starting age and most effective diagnostic method, remains under investigation. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy (TBx) and systematic biopsy (SBx) in detecting clinically significant PC (csPC) in men aged 45–50 yr in PROBASE, a prospective, randomized trial of a risk-adapted

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Background and objectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-led active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer uses prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and MRI for regular monitoring with biopsy only when indicated by changes in MRI or PSA density. MethodsThis clinical cohort, which started AS between February 2000 and July 2023, includes those with (1) Gleason score (GS) ≤3 + 4, (2) PSA <20 ng/ml, and (3)

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Prostate cancer treatments can cause long-term urinary adverse events (UAEs), but time-varying risks across treatments remain understudied. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data, we evaluated men aged ≥66 yr with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), EBRT + BT, RP + EBRT, or ablation between

As new treatments for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) emerge, better methods are needed to guide therapeutic decisions. This study analyzed urine tumor DNA (utDNA) from patients treated with atezolizumab in the SWOG S1605 trial to determine whether utDNA profiling can stratify the risk of treatment failure. Urine samples were analyzed using the

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Nivolumab (NIVO) plus gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) demonstrated deep, durable responses in patients with untreated unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) with superior overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival versus GC alone. We report post hoc exploratory analyses with 33.6 mo of median follow-up in patients with lymph node (LN) only disease from CheckMate 901. In this phase 3

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Background and objectiveOur aim was to investigate outcomes of a novel robotic transvesical approach for bladder neck reconstruction in the surgical management of vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS). MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of our single-institution database of robotic bladder neck reconstruction procedures to identify all consecutive patients who underwent robotic transvesical

Background and objectivePositron emission tomography (PET) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligands has an established role in the assessment of recurrence of prostate cancer (PC) after primary treatment. However, an updated understanding of its diagnostic utility is warranted, particularly in the context of emerging targeted and systemic treatment options for recurrent PC. Our aim

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Background and objectiveErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting patients’ quality of life. Clinical management has changed over the past three decades, with new diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Our aim was to provide an overview of novel evidence regarding clinical management of ED. MethodsA non-systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies on

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Section snippets FLCN functionFLCN is an ancient cellular bioenergetic and nutrient sensor that controls activation of the TFE3 and TFEB transcription factors and regulates lysosomal and mitochondrial biogenesis and function. FLCN, and its binding partner FNIP1, act as a GTP-activating protein (GAP) for the small GTPase Ras-related GTP-binding protein C (RagC). FLCN and FNIP activate a noncanonical

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ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to present a summary of the updated 2025 European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on sexual and reproductive health (SRH), focusing on hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction (ED), premature ejaculation (PE), and Peyronie’s disease (PD), providing practical recommendations on the clinical workup, with a focus on diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Evidence

The authors regret, There was an error in Fig. 5C where the p38 Western blot image was inadvertently assembled. A corrected version of the Western blot is included below. The incorrectly assembled figure does not change any scientific conclusions of the study. The caption remains correct with the replacement images. Download: Download high-res image (164KB) Download: Download full-size image

Background and objectiveUreteral strictures can be iatrogenic and caused by stones, radiation, autoimmune diseases, and trauma. Laparoscopic or robot-assisted ureteroplasty (RAUP) with grafts for short ureteral strictures has been described in several studies. Our objective was to show the efficacy and safety of vesical mucosa grafts (VMGs) for treatment of ureteral strictures via RAUP. MethodsWe conducted

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We established prognostic nomograms incorporating prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography (PET) parameters standardised by Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE; PPP1). Here, we develop an updated PPP2 risk score from a large international multicentre registry study.

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Background and objectiveDivergent differentiation and histologic subtypes are common findings in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Clinically relevant genomic alterations and oncogenic drivers of individual subtypes remain poorly defined. We characterized surgical outcomes and the genomic landscape of UC with aberrant histology (UCAH), with a focus on biomarkers and targetable alterations. MethodsThe clinical

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Background and objectiveUrinary biomarker tests have long been suggested as a noninvasive alternative to current cystoscopy-based follow-up of high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) to reduce both morbidity and costs. However, the clinical impact of urinary biomarker tests remains uncertain owing to a lack of randomized trials. MethodsIn this randomized noninferiority trial, we evaluated

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Background and objectiveAn understanding the natural history of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease–associated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is critical to the development of optimal clinical management approaches and interpretation of trial results for comparable populations and endpoints. Our aim was to describe the natural progression of disease in patients with VHL RCC. MethodsThis was a natural history

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Background and objectivePatient-centric management necessitates providing care aligned with patients’ values, preferences, and expressed needs. Therefore, critical assessment of bladder preservation therapies (BPTs) as alternatives to radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and practical recommendations on the optimal selection of patients for BPTs are needed urgently. MethodsA

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Background and objectiveThe European Association of Urology guidelines recommend that extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) and flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) are equally appropriate first-line treatment options for lower pole renal stones (LPSs). We report a pragmatic multicentre, open-label, superiority randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing FURS versus ESWL for quality of life, and

Background and objectiveThe European Association of Urology urolithiasis guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary stone disease. Given the complexity and variability of stone formation, individualised patient management is emphasised. MethodsThe guidelines incorporate evidence from the latest research and focus on risk assessment, imaging techniques