We read with interest the study by Pan et al. on tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) therapy throughout pregnancy in mothers with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) [1]. This well-designed study, employing propensity score matching and subgroup analyses, provides reassuring evidence on TAF safety across all trimesters, demonstrating effective reduction of maternal hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels and prevention of

We are grateful to Dr. Vyas [1] for his thoughtful comments and insights in response to our recent publication [2]. We fully agree with his perspective that treatment decisions in this context must be individualised and guided by ALT, HBeAg status, HBV DNA levels, and fibrosis scores. As pregnancy progresses, physiological changes impose an increasing burden on the maternal liver, often exacerbating

No Abstract

No Abstract

Background Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) with indeterminate phase make up a diverse cohort with likely different outcomes. Objective We compared the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk in indeterminate CHB with different baseline types and by phase transition. Design This was a retrospective cohort study of 1986 (94.2% Asian) patients with indeterminate CHB from nine countries/regions. Patients

With a devastating 5-year survival rate of only 8%, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the deadliest cancers and is expected to become the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA by 2030.1 2 Thus, the deciphering of key events driving tumour development and progression in both early and late stages of PDAC is crucial for improving diagnosis, therapy, and potentially prevention

We would like to thank the author Xudong Zhu for his interest in our work.1 Herein, we will address the identified concerns. From the outset, the letter provides a very high level, cursory critique, without supporting data or new insights revealing numerous weaknesses to buttress the author’s arguments, while raising a number of new, unfocused questions that are beyond the scope of the article. The

Background Pancreatic cancer exhibits limited clinical responses to immunotherapy, highlighting the need for new strategies to counteract its immunosuppressive microenvironment. Although metabolic reprogramming and epigenetic changes contribute to malignancy, the impact of lactate-driven histone lactylation on the tumour microenvironment (TME) has not been fully explored. Objective This study aims

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by dysregulated chronic inflammation throughout the intestinal tract with unknown causes. Aetiology of IBD is speculated to be the result of a complex interplay among genetic predisposition, dysregulated immune response, gut microbiome and environmental factors. Despite the identification of various risk genes, a substantial impact of genetic risk on

Background Prophylactic clip closure after endoscopic mucosal resection reduces delayed bleeding in large and proximal colon lesions; however, evidence regarding its effectiveness in colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is lacking. Objective To compare clinically significant delayed bleeding rates between a clip closure and a control group for flat and sessile 20–50 mm colorectal polyps

No Abstract

No Abstract

Background The gut microbiota has been linked to non-communicable diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relationships between gut microbiome composition changes, uraemic toxins (UTs) accumulation, and diet on CKD severity and progression remain underexplored. Objective To characterise relationships between gut microbiome composition and functionality, UTs diet, and CKD severity

A 24-year-old man presented with a 7-year history of recurrent melena, acutely worsening 3 days prior. He had undergone endoscopic band ligation and glue sclerotherapy for gastro-oesophageal varices, yet intermittent bleeding persisted without advanced aetiological evaluation beyond cirrhosis/thrombosis screening. Physical examination revealed distinctive congenital capillary abnormalities, including

Section snippets Background and FamilyEvan was born and raised in Baltimore, Maryland. His father, a prominent plastic surgeon and microsurgeon, is considered a pioneer in the field of peripheral nerve injury, and in private practice, he was promoted to full professor of plastic surgery and neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins University. His mother, originally a teacher, dedicated herself to raising Evan

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

Section snippets Impactful Body of Basic Research DiscoveriesDriven by his innate curiosity and investigative skills, Gene’s scientific accomplishments offer a remarkable compendium understanding the mechanisms involved in dynamic dialogues between microbes and hosts in diarrheal/inflammatory disorders, food allergies, type 1 diabetes, cancer, and metabolic diseases (eg, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and

Inflammatory bowel disease remains a global health challenge, despite advances in treatment and understanding of disease biology. In this issue, we focus on the most pressing priorities in inflammatory bowel disease research and care.

We have recently reported the immune-promoting effects of butyrate in microsatellite stable (MSS) colorectal cancer (CRC) based on mouse models.1 However, its potential application in human CRC and the underlying mechanisms by which butyrate interacts with specific CD8+ T cell subsets to regulate immunity in MSS-CRC warrant further investigation. In this study, we established a co-culture system using

No Abstract

BackgroundTNF-like cytokine 1A (TL1A) is a key mediator of inflammation and fibrosis. The efficacy and safety of the anti-TL1A monoclonal antibody tulisokibart as induction treatment was assessed in adults with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease with a history of insufficient response, loss of response, or intolerance to conventional or approved biological therapies. MethodsIn the phase

No Abstract

We appreciate the commentary provided by Drs. Hoang and Ko on our study and appreciate the summary they have provided [1, 2]. We want to highlight and discuss several important considerations in our study. We acknowledge Drs. Hoang and Ko's comment that our FOCUS-HBV cohort was a highly selected cohort and potentially not generalisable to an unlinked immigrant chronic hepatitis B population in the

It is well-known that the burden of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Western countries is disproportionally shouldered by their immigrant populations [1, 2]. In the United States, it is estimated that 60%–90% of CHB seroprevalence is attributed to its foreign-born (FB) population [3]. Despite this high disease prevalence, data characterising this growing population have been limited to retrospective cohorts

No Abstract

No Abstract

No Abstract

The intricate interplay between the gut microbiota and the GI tract has garnered significant attention, as growing evidence has identified the inflammasome as a crucial yet underexplored master regulator in microbiota-driven diseases. Triggered by a variety of dangers, inflammasomes are supramolecular complexes that regulate immune response. A large number of bacterial-derived inducers have been characterised

Background Gastrointestinal acute graft-versus-host disease (GI-aGVHD) is one of the main complications of patients undergoing allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of sustaining intestinal homeostasis is essential. Objective Here, we investigated micro-organisms and microbial metabolites that were crucial for intestinal homeostasis

A 72-year-old man diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma underwent laparoscopic radical resection with prophylactic loop ileostomy in our department. Following the surgery, the patient completed four cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with the XELOX regimen (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) in accordance with the current treatment guidelines. During the scheduled stoma reversal procedure, intraoperative exploration

No Abstract

No Abstract

Li M, Xu C, Shi J, et al . et al Fatty acids promote fatty liver disease via the dysregulation of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase/hydrogen sulfide pathway. Gut 2018;67:2169–80. This article has …

INTRODUCTION Optical diagnosis is an essential part of a high-quality colonoscopy, but highly experience-dependent. Artificial intelligence in the form of computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) may bridge the gap between trainee endoscopists and experts. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of optical diagnosis of trainee endoscopists with the help of AI compared to experts. PATIENTS

BACKGROUND & AIMSIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 4.1% of the adult population, with many reporting ongoing symptoms despite first-line therapies. Acupuncture is widely used for IBS, but without sufficient evidence. We aim to assess the efficacy of acupuncture in patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). METHODSThis was a multi-center randomized controlled trial in six hospitals in China

OBJECTIVES Several studies have investigated the role of linaclotide in bowel preparation; however, dosage and timing still warrant further exploration. METHODS This non-inferiority randomized controlled study was performed in sixteen medical centers. The eligible subjects were randomly assigned to three groups: the Lct + 3 L PEG group (Group A), the 3 L PEG group (Group B), or the Lct + 2 L PEG group

Click on the article title to read more.

Gut microorganisms inhabiting the intestinal tract play key roles in host's health and disease. A properly functioning gut microbiome requires the availability of adequate carbon, nitrogen and energy sources. One of the main sources of energy for intestinal bacteria are glycans, of which amino sugars are important components. Amino sugars are a class of carbohydrates in which one or more hydroxyl groups