OBJECTIVE Reduced cognitive functions are commonly associated with diminished self-control abilities. Research on cognitive functions in gaming disorder and other specific types of problematic usage of the Internet (PUI) remains rare. The aim of this study was to compare performance in different cognitive domains between clinically validated groups of individuals with and without specific PUI. METHODS

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine whether genetic predispositions to cognitive ability or psychiatric conditions interact with anticholinergic burden (AChB) to impact cognition and brain structure in individuals with psychotic disorders. METHODS Participants with psychosis spectrum disorders (N=1,704) from the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) consortium, 18-65

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to estimate national trends in suicidal thoughts and attempts among high school students with and without health-risk behaviors. METHODS Data were analyzed from the 2007 to 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a biennial cross-sectional survey of U.S. high school students (unweighted sample, N=119,654). Suicidal thoughts were defined as seriously considering attempting suicide

OBJECTIVE Brain structural alterations are consistently reported in depressive disorders, yet it remains unclear whether these alterations exist prior to disorder onset and thus may reflect a preexisting vulnerability. The authors investigated prospective adolescent neurodevelopmental risk markers for depressive disorder onset, using data from a 15-year longitudinal study. METHODS A community sample

OBJECTIVE Problematic alcohol use (PAU) adversely affects the clinical course of psychiatric disorders. Genetic studies have suggested that genetic factors underlie the co-occurrence of PAU with psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to elucidate shared genetic architectures, prioritizing genes that disorders may have in common. METHODS Using genome-wide association data of PAU including 435,563 samples

Chronic inflammation plays a prominent role in multiple medical disorders, including psychiatric diseases such as major depression. Exposure to inflammatory stimuli leads to changes in neurotransmitter systems and neurocircuits in the brain that are associated with depressive symptoms. Blockade of inflammatory cytokines can reduce depressive symptoms in medically ill and medically healthy individuals

OBJECTIVE The authors investigated recent national trends in outpatient mental health care and psychotherapy. METHOD Service data from four representative surveys of the U.S. household population, the 2018-2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, were analyzed focusing on adults with outpatient mental health visits (N=17,821) including psychotherapy visits (N=6,415). The authors present trends in age

OBJECTIVE There is tremendous public health interest in cost-efficient, scalable interventions to improve post-disaster mental health. The authors examined the efficacy of Bounce Back Now (BBN), a mobile application, versus an enhanced usual care app (EUC). METHODS A population-based trial was conducted with a diverse sample of 1,357 adults affected by Hurricane Harvey, Irma, Maria, Florence, or Michael

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are part of the normal response to trauma. Most trauma survivors will recover over time without intervention, but a significant minority will develop chronic PTSD, which is unlikely to remit without intervention. Currently, only two medications, sertraline and paroxetine, are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to treat PTSD, and the combination

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applies electromagnetic pulses to stimulate cortical neurons. The antidepressant effect of the repetitive application of TMS (rTMS) was first shown nearly three decades ago. The therapeutic potential of TMS has been extensively investigated, mostly in treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Studies have extensively evaluated stimulation parameters, treatment schedules

OBJECTIVE The authors sought to determine whether an inflammatory challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) differentially impacts symptoms of anhedonia in participants with major depressive disorder with high (≥3 mg/L) and low (≤1.5 mg/L) serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. METHODS Sixty-eight participants with major depressive disorder were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive LPS

OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by an excessive loss of synapses. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a neuroactive metabolite of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway, can induce schizophrenia-related phenotypes in rodents, and clinical studies have revealed elevated KYNA levels in the CNS of individuals with schizophrenia. However, the factors that cause elevated KYNA

OBJECTIVE Estimating the current association between childhood adversity and the risk of psychosis is crucial for prevention and intervention. We provided an updated synthesis of evidence from the past four decades, expanded the available data by investigating a broad array of adversity subtypes, and explored sex differences and the age of psychosis onset as relevant factors. METHODS We searched PubMed

The field of neuromodulation has evolved tremendously and now includes a vast array of interventions utilizing different technologies that span electrical, magnetic, and ultrasound forms of stimulation. The evolution of interventions holds the promise of fewer adverse effects and a noninvasive approach, increasing the scale at which these interventions may be offered in hospital and community settings

Twenty years ago Shitij Kapur's "Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience" captured the attention of clinicians and cognitive and behavioral neuroscientists. It has become the de facto way of talking about delusion formation in labs and clinics. Here, evidence for this theory is critically evaluated in consideration of evolving data since its publication. A particular focus is placed on its specific

OBJECTIVE The authors provide recommendations on incorporating recent advances in psychiatric genetics into clinical practice for mental health clinicians. METHOD The International Society for Psychiatric Genetics Education Committee met monthly to come to a consensus on priority topics in psychiatric genetics. Topics were then assigned to small teams of subspecialty experts to summarize the current

OBJECTIVE Amid continuously rising concentrations of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis (i.e., potency), high-potency cannabis is a major topic in contemporary cannabis policy discussions, yet its impact on health is not well understood. The authors conducted a systematic review of observational and experimental studies examining the relationship between high-potency cannabis use and a

OBJECTIVE Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) frequently co-occur. Prolonged exposure (PE) is an effective treatment for PTSD but shows smaller effects in patients with co-occurring AUD. Topiramate may help reduce alcohol use and PTSD symptoms. This double-blind, placebo-controlled outpatient clinical trial compared 12 sessions of PE plus either topiramate or placebo

OBJECTIVE Limited data are available to inform clinicians on how to manage concurrent substance use in the context of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for the treatment of depressive, obsessive-compulsive, psychotic, or trauma-related disorders. The authors convened an international panel of 24 rTMS experts, representative of different geographic regions and subspecialities, and

OBJECTIVE The authors synthesized evidence from studies quantifying the relationship between anticholinergic medication and cognitive function in psychosis, and additionally explored studies that investigated whether reducing anticholinergic medications affects cognitive function in individuals with psychosis. METHODS A database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO, from database inception

OBJECTIVE It is not known what proportion of patients experience relapse in first-episode schizophrenia despite continuous dopamine D2 receptor blockade and whether breakthrough psychosis is attributable to long-term use of D2-blocking antipsychotics. Using data from a Finnish nationwide cohort, the authors sought to test the hypothesis that the incidence of breakthrough psychosis is accelerated among

OBJECTIVE The authors examined prospective associations between tobacco product use and mental health and substance use problems among U.S. adolescents and adults. METHODS Covariate-adjusted models using discrete-time survival analysis of five annual waves (2013-2014 to 2018-2019) were used to examine the links between specific tobacco product use and mental health and substance use problems among

OBJECTIVE The allostasis theory states that, as addiction develops, alcohol is consumed to relieve negative affect rather than to produce positive effects. This study aimed to investigate the real-time subjective effects of alcohol in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and those prone to negative affect by virtue of having comorbid depressive disorder (DEP). METHODS Participants (N=221) completed

OBJECTIVE Intranasal esketamine has been approved as an adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder with acute suicidal ideation and behavior. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available data on its efficacy against depression and suicidality as well as its side effects. METHODS MEDLINE was searched with the keyword "esketamine" on March 24

OBJECTIVE This study investigated spaced transcranial direct current stimulation for major depressive disorder, focusing on feasibility. METHODS In a prospective open-label study, 30 participants with major depressive disorder were enrolled to receive a 50-session transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) treatment over 2 weeks. The feasibility, safety, tolerability, and preliminary therapeutic

OBJECTIVE Sensory phenomena (SP) are aversive sensations driving repetitive behaviors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's disorder that are not well addressed by standard treatments. SP are related to the functioning of an interoceptive-sensorimotor circuit that may be modulated by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ondansetron. The present study employed an experimental medicine approach

OBJECTIVE The behavioral and diagnostic heterogeneity within the opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis is not readily captured in current animal models, limiting the translational relevance of the mechanistic research that is conducted in experimental animals. The authors hypothesized that a nonlinear clustering of OUD-like behavioral traits would capture population heterogeneity and yield subpopulations