BACKGROUND Preclinical and preliminary clinical data suggest that Iloprost may improve tissue perfusion in septic shock. However, its effect on organ failure remains unclear. METHODS In this multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, adults with septic shock and persistent hypoperfusion (i.e. elevated capillary refill time and/or skin mottling) were randomized to receive a 48-hour intravenous

RATIONALE Despite advancements in emphysema treatment, high morbidity and mortality rates highlight the need for innovative therapies. A novel self-expanding nitinol airway scaffold was designed to alleviate lung hyperinflation by connecting emphysematous parenchyma with central bronchi, releasing trapped air. OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility, safety, and initial outcomes of airway scaffolds in

BACKGROUND There is growing interest in identifying early stages of interstitial lung disease (ILD) to improve patient outcomes. This document reviews updated evidence on interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA), provides suggestions for screening, evaluation, and management, proposes criteria for distinguishing ILA from ILD, and identifies research priorities. METHODS A committee of clinical and methodology

RATIONALE Although clinical trials have documented the oral corticosteroid (OCS)-sparing effect of biologics in patients with severe asthma, little is known about whether this translates to a reduction of new-onset OCS-related adverse outcomes. OBJECTIVE To compare the risk of developing new-onset OCS-related adverse outcomes between biologic-initiators and non-initiators. METHODS This was a longitudinal

RATIONALE Wood smoke exposure is increasing worldwide due to the rise in wildfire events. Various studies have associated exposure to wildfire-derived smoke with adverse respiratory conditions. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. Previous studies using wood smoke as a model of wildfire smoke have focused on the respiratory immune response and have reported increased neutrophil percentage

INTRODUCTION Patients with pulmonary hypertension are classified according to clinical criteria to inform treatment decisions. Knowledge of the molecular drivers of pulmonary hypertension might better inform treatment choice. METHODS Between 2013 and 2021, 470 patients with pulmonary hypertension, 136 disease controls and 59 healthy controls were enrolled as a discovery cohort. Plasma levels of 7288

RATIONALE We hypothesized that the disproportionate impact of social determinants of health (SDoH) captured in survey data could help explain a larger proportion of racial gaps in lung function than previously reported. METHODS We defined a series of nested, increasingly healthy reference populations using data from NHANES 2007-2012. Starting with non-smokers without respiratory symptoms or diagnoses

RATIONALE Hyper IgE syndrome (STAT3-HIES), also known as Job's syndrome, is a rare immunodeficiency disease typically caused by dominant-negative STAT3 mutations. STAT3-HIES is characterized by chronic pulmonary infection and inflammation, suggesting impaired innate host defense. OBJECTIVES To identify airway epithelial host defense defects caused by STAT3 mutations that, together with immune dysfunction

RATIONALE Managing critically ill patients in the ICU often involves organ-support therapies (OST), such as mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy, and various pharmacologic strategies. Clinical trials in this context pursue diverse goals-including improving survival, reducing OST use, facilitating weaning, or comparing timing of OST initiation-which

RATIONALE Industrial facilities emit known lung carcinogens into air, but the association of these agents with lung cancer risk at environmental levels is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate industrial emissions and lung cancer risk. METHODS We used a U.S. regulatory database to estimate airborne exposure to known and probable human carcinogens (N=31) emitted from industrial sources (1987-1995) for

RATIONALE Patient-important gastrointestinal bleeding is an endpoint developed by patients and family members; however, risk factors for this outcome are unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for patient-important upper gastrointestinal bleeding among invasively ventilated adults. METHODS This pre-planned regression analysis of an international trial database evaluated baseline and time-varying

RATIONALE Increased risk of COVID-19 hospitalization and death has been reported among patients with clinical lung disease. OBJECTIVE To test the association of objective measures of pre-pandemic lung function and structure with COVID-19 outcomes in US adults. METHODS Pre-pandemic obstruction (FEV1/FVC<0.70) and restriction (FEV1/FVC≥0.7, FVC<80%) were defined based on the most recent spirometry exam

RATIONALE Clinical and real-world studies show elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ELX/TEZ/IVA) is efficacious and safe in people with cystic fibrosis (CF) ≥12 years of age with at least one F508del allele. OBJECTIVES Given the potential for life-long ELX/TEZ/IVA use, long-term safety and efficacy of ELX/TEZ/IVA was assessed. METHODS In this phase 3, open-label, single-arm extension study, participants

BACKGROUND Patients with sickle cell disease hospitalised for acute chest syndrome (ACS) are at high risk of in situ pulmonary microthrombosis. We evaluated whether therapeutic anticoagulation could shorten ACS duration. METHODS TASC is a randomized, controlled, double-blind trial conducted in 12 French hospitals (December 2016-April 2021) in adult ACS patients with no initial thrombosis on chest computerised

RATIONALE While idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has been widely studied, progressive non-IPF interstitial lung disease (ILD) remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To identify and validate proteomic biomarkers of non-IPF ILD survival. METHODS High-throughput proteomic data were generated using plasma collected as part of prospective registries at the Universities of California and Texas (discovery