Section snippets Ethics committeeThe animal experiments were approved by the Committee of Laboratory Animal Welfare and Ethics, Peking University Health Science Center (DLASBE0020), and the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of the Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (230713-03-GR). Authors' contributionsLW supervised and designed the study. TL

Section snippets Financial supportThis research has no fund. Authors' contributionsYoshiyasu Takefuji completed this research and wrote this article. Declaration of Competing InterestThe author has no conflict of interest.Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.

Section snippets Authors’ contributionsHH: Writing and editing. LV: Writing and editing. Financial supportLV was supported by Italian Ministry of Health (Ministero della Salute), Ricerca Finalizzata 2021 RF-2021-12373889, Italian Ministry of Health, Ricerca Finalizzata PNRR 2022 “RATIONAL” PNRR-MAD-2022-12375656; The European Union, H2020-ICT-2018-20/H2020-ICT-2020-2 under grant agreement No. 101016726

Section snippets Authors' contributionsConcept and design: James Lok, Ivana Carey. Data collection: James Lok, Zillah Cargill, Ivana Carey, Mark Anderson. Writing of the article: James Lok. Statistical analysis: James Lok, Ivana Carey. Critical revision of the manuscript: Mark Anderson, Gavin Cloherty, Ivana Carey. Supervision: Ivana Carey. Data availability statementData supporting the findings of

Section snippets Authors' contributionsAll authors and collaborators contributed to this letter’s conception. Material preparation and data collection were performed by NR, CK, ML, and JR. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NR, with CK providing revisions. TK provided supervision, resources, and led the editing process. TK provided details on clinical decision making. All authors provided

Section snippets Background and contextHepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of liver disease, indicating progression in decompensated cirrhosis and acute liver failure, and is associated with an increased risk of mortality.[1], [2], [3] The pathogenesis of HE is primarily driven by hyperammonemia, which acts as a neurotoxin, leading to astrocyte swelling and cerebral edema, thus contributing

Section snippets Background and contextHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with its incidence and mortality projected to increase by over 50% by 2040.1,2 A high recurrence rate of approximately 70% typically occurs within the first few years after resection, contributing to a high healthcare burden.3 The prediction of recurrence risk post-resection

Section snippets Background and contextPortal hypertension is the primary driver of hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis, which markedly worsens prognosis compared to the compensated stage.1,2 While etiological treatments and non-selective beta-blockers have been shown to delay decompensation or improve survival in compensated cirrhosis,3,4 no approved therapies currently exist to reverse

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It has come to our attention that there was an error in Supplementary Fig. 3C in our article. Incorrect representative flow cytometry images were inadvertently used. The corrected figure is presented below. We apologize for any inconvenience caused. Download: Download high-res image (2MB) Download: Download full-size image Supplementary Fig. 3. Flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in the blood

Together with carriers in liver and small intestine, kidney transporters function to conserve and compartmentalize bile acids in the enteronephrohepatic circulation. In patients with liver disease, systemic bile acid levels are elevated, undergo increased renal glomerular filtration, and contribute to the pathogenesis of cholemic nephropathy and acute kidney injury. In this review, we describe mechanisms

Section snippets Financial supportThe authors received no financial support to produce this manuscript. Authors' contributionsGM, LR, and AL contributed to the concept of the letter. GM and AL interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved its final draft. Data availability statementData are available on reasonable request.All authors confirm

Section snippets Authors' contributionsGB conceived the manuscript. All authors wrote, edited, and reviewed the final manuscript. Financial supportThe authors received no financial support to produce this manuscript. Declaration of Competing InterestThe authors declare no conflicts of interest that pertain to this work.Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.

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Section snippets Authors’ contributionsTZH wrote the editorial. Financial supportFunGeST team (FUNctional GEnomics of Solid Tumors) is supported by Ligue contre le cancer (équipe labellisée), SFCE (Société Française de Lutte Contre les Cancers et les Leucémies de l′Enfant), the SIRIC CARPEM, the SIRIC Paris Kids Cancer (PKC), PeLiCan. Resist InCa (Pediatric LIver CANcer database to combat RESISTance

Section snippets The influence of hematocrit (HCT) should be considered when detecting PEthAs PEth is a derivative of red blood cell membrane phospholipids, its concentration is positively associated with HCT. In patients with dehydration (such as vomiting after alcohol) or anemia, HCT may abnormally increase or decrease, which in turn leads to overestimation or underestimation of PEth levels in the

Section snippets Authors' contributionsAxel Wester drafted the manuscript. All authors critically reviewed the manuscript and approved it before submission. Financial supportAW was supported by the Syskonen Svensson foundation for medical research (2021-00284), Mag-Tarmfonden, the Bengt Ihre foundation (SLS-973809, SLS-999079), the Professor Nanna Svartz foundation (2022-00448), Region Stockholm (CIMED)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is a hepatotropic infection of global importance, an international scourge, and a cause of significant death and morbidity. It causes endemic outbreaks typically, and particularly in Asia, which are associated with faecal-oral/water-borne transmission and a high mortality in vulnerable groups, including pregnant women. In Western countries, sporadic HEV infections

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Section snippets AI model for HCC risk prediction in patients with CHBHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents a significant global health challenge, with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) being the primary cause in East Asia. Despite antiviral treatments reducing HCC risk, early detection through surveillance remains essential. Shin, Hur, Song, Park, Kim, and coworkers created an artificial intelligence

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Section snippets Authors' contributionsTao Zhang is the only author of this letter and made all contributions. Financial supportThis letter receives no financial support. Declaration of Competing InterestThere is no conflict of interest.Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.

Section snippets DisclosuresPr Nahon has received honoraria from and/or consults for AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, and Roche. He received research grants from AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb and Eisai. Grant SupportPierre Nahon’s research is funded in part by the European Union (GENIAL, Grant agreement ID: 101096312), French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France 2030 DELIVER ANR-21-RHUS-0001)

Section snippets Competing interestsThe authors declare no conflicts of interest that pertain to this work.Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details. Authors’ contributionsM.W & WXD conceived and wrote the manuscript. Data Availability Statement:There are no data associated with this study. Financial supportThis study was supported in part by the National Institute

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in the imaging, molecular profiling, and systemic treatment of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Despite this progress, the early detection, precise classification, and effective management of CCA remain challenging. Owing to recent developments and the significant differences in CCA subtypes, EASL commissioned a panel of experts to draft evidence-based recommendations

Extrahepatic surgery in patients with cirrhosis of the liver represents a growing clinical challenge due to the increasing prevalence of chronic liver disease and improved long-term survival of these patients. The presence of cirrhosis significantly increases the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality following abdominal surgery. Advances in preoperative risk stratification, surgical techniques

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic liver disease of unknown aetiology which may affect any patient irrespective of age, sex, and ethnicity. At baseline, the clinical spectrum of the disease varies largely from asymptomatic cases to acute liver failure with massive hepatocyte necrosis. The aim of these EASL guidelines is to provide updated guidance on the diagnosis and management of AIH both in

The updated EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection provide comprehensive, evidence-based recommendations for its management. Spanning ten thematic sections, the guidelines address diagnostics, treatment goals, treatment indications, therapeutic options, hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance, management of special populations, HBV reactivation prophylaxis

Section snippets Authors' contributionsMC, DB, IT and HM participated in the design of the study and contributed to the concept of the letter. GK interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved its final draft. Data availability statementData are available on reasonable request.All authors confirm that we did not and will not submit the data

Section snippets Authors' contributionsSS drafted the manuscript and performed the analysis. All authors revised, reviewed, and approved the final manuscript. Financial supportThe authors received no financial support to produce this letter. Declaration of Competing InterestThe authors declare no conflicts of interest associated with this letter.Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms

Conventional histopathological evaluation of liver biopsy slides has been invaluable in assessing the causes of liver injury, the severity of the underlying disease processes, and the degree of resulting fibrosis. However, the use of conventional histologic assessments as endpoints in clinical trials is limited by the reliability of scoring systems, variability in interpretation of histologic features

This expert opinion explores the growing practice of multi-organ transplantation (MOT) in which liver transplantation is combined with another solid organ transplantation, such as heart, lung or kidney transplantation. There is an increasing demand for MOT as life-saving treatment in patients with multi-organ failure, despite societal challenges like donor shortage and complex logistics. MOT recipients

Section snippets Authors’ contributionsCAP and JVL conceived of the idea and CAP drafted the first iteration of the editorial. AN and JVL made substantial contributions to subsequent versions of the editorial and all authors approved the final submission. Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing processDuring the preparation of this work the authors used ChatGPT in order

Section snippets Authors' contributionsJian Huang wrote the original manuscript. Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing processDuring the preparation of this work the author used ChatGPT in order to check spelling and grammar. After using this tool, the author reviewed and edited the content as needed and takes full responsibility for the content of the publication

People living with HIV (PLWH) carry a higher risk of developing chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This relates to shared transmission pathways of HIV and viral hepatitis and a plethora of direct and indirect effects of HIV in the progression of chronic liver disease and HCC. In absence of active cancer treatment, the prognosis of PLWH affected by HCC is worse compared to matched

Section snippets Authors' contributionsAll authors wrote this article. V.L.G. and S.J.F. conceptualized and designed the original study. A.M.K. and V.L.G. analyzed and interpreted data in the original study. Financial supportThe original study was supported by the UK Medical Research Council - UK Regenerative Medicine Platform (MR/R015635/1) and British Council – British Israel Research and Academic

We appreciate the letter by Drs Zhao and Zhao highlighting an inconsistency in data presentation in the graphical abstract of our article. In Step 2, the forest plot on the left was meant to display data on the association between air pollutants and MASLD. This has now been corrected in the published version. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.

Section snippets Background and contextWhilst widening adoption of next-generation sequencing has redefined management of most cancers by allowing identification of molecularly defined patient subgroups matched with targeted therapeutic options, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has remained virtually untouched by the molecular revolution of cancer care.1The extent of this unmet need is perhaps epitomized

Section snippets Authors' contributionsStudy concept and design: SJManuscript writing: SJ Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing processThe author used ChatGPT in the proofreading of this manuscript. After using this tool, the author reviewed and edited the content and takes full responsibility for the content of the publication. Financial supportThis work was supported

Section snippets Authors' contributionsFÅ; is the lead author and the guarantor. All authors contributed to study conceptualization. FÅ; did the formal analyses and wrote the first draft. All authors reviewed, critically revised, and approved the final manuscript. Data availability statement (delete if not applicable)Data from the UK Biobank are available for researchers through application (https://www

Section snippets MASLD and non-liver-related mortality: the difference between association, independent association and causalityPatients with MASLD have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors. Indeed, the new definition of MASLD formally requires the presence of at least one cardiometabolic risk factor, including overweight/obesity, diabetes or impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia

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Recent consensus guidelines by the ADQI (Acute Disease Quality Initiative) and the ICA (International Club of Ascites) put forth recommendations for the management of acute kidney injury (AKI) in cirrhosis, including hepatorenal syndrome-AKI. These recommendations included the use of crystalloids over albumin for first-line volume resuscitation and restricting the use of albumin infusion to 24 h. Whilst

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