Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects a growing number of females. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of CRC on sexual health outcomes among females, while controlling for age. Methods We conducted a cohort study using administrative health data from the province of British Columbia (BC) including linked health visits and cancer registry from 1985–2017. The cohort included females with CRC

Background To determine the association between cancer diagnosis and subsequent risk of ASCVD, and to examine the trajectory of the association over time after cancer diagnosis. Methods We prospectively followed 108,689 women in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (1984-2020), 113,569 women in the NHSII (1991-2019), and 45,328 men in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS) (1986-2016) who were free

Background US-born Latino men have a higher incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) than foreign-born Latino men. It was not clear whether these increases were exclusively due to increased detection of PCa in the US, changes in risk factors of PCa, or a combination of both. Methods In the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) we evaluated the association between generational status and risk of PCa in 19,597 Latino men

Background The Essential Medicines List (EML) and Resource Stratified Guidelines (RSG) both prioritize high-value medicines. We compare the 2023 EML cancer medicines list to global cancer statistics, examine the proportion of EML therapies recommended by RSGs, and identify gaps that merit evaluation by the EML Committee. Methods We compared the 2023 EML medicines for adult cancers with cancer incidence

Purpose Evidence for potential mortality benefits of leisure-time moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) for survivors of cancer types beyond breast and colorectal is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between postdiagnosis MVPA and all-cause mortality in participants with a history of eleven cancer types. Methods Data were pooled from six United States-based

The US Supreme Court’s ruling on Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (Dobbs) in 2022 eliminated federal constitutional protection for abortion access. Dobbs has clinical and practical implications throughout the cancer control continuum. In abortion access-restrictive states, providers and patients with cancer who are pregnant will need to consider less efficacious cancer treatments, criminal

BACKGROUND Infection with high-risk types of the human papillomavirus (hrHPV) is known to cause cervical cancer. Cervical cancer risk varies greatly by genotype, which is therefore used in screening algorithms. A significant amount of research has also focused on the differential pathogenicity of hrHPV subtypes called lineages and sublineages (resp. 1.0-10% and 0.5-1.0% genetic difference), albeit

Background Aggressive (typically high-grade) breast cancers (BCs) remain major contributors to BC-related mortality globally. The tissue changes underpinning their etiology and outcomes, however, remain poorly characterized. Methods Spatially resolved machine-learning algorithms were used to characterize “stromal disruption” as a morphological metric of reduced/altered extracellular matrix and increased

Adiposity reduction has both cancer-specific and overall health benefits for patients with overweight or obesity. However, the indiscriminate loss of lean mass accompanying weight loss remains a concern for older cancer patients. Body composition was evaluated in the Prostate Active Lifestyle Study, a randomized controlled weight loss trial targeting caloric restriction and increased physical activity

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the leading cause of cancer-associated death amongst men across Sub-Saharan Africa, with Southern and East Africa ranking 1st and 5th globally. However, lack of coordinated National cancer registries has biased data towards single sourced, averaged or model estimates. Here, our retrospective study included 8,634 South-East African cases diagnosed between 2010-to-2019, which

Background Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are critical for assessing symptomatic adverse events (AEs) in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical trials. However, PROs may not fully capture tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-specific AEs in metastatic NSCLC patients. This study evaluated coverage of TKI-related symptomatic AEs by commonly used PRO item libraries. Methods We compiled a list of FDA-approved

Background While dietary and lifestyle factors are well-studied for colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention, less evidence exists on their impact on CRC survival. Methods PubMed and Embase were searched from inception to September 2024. Summary relative risk (SRR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using the DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model. Results Lower all-cause mortality was observed

Background Advances in cancer treatment have led to an increased number of survivors who may subsequently have children. We aim to describe the prevalence of a parental cancer history with and without the utilization of in vitro fertilization (IVF) in several states in the United States. Methods This study used data from IVF cycles resulting in live births reported to the Society for Assisted Reproductive

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer and a proportion of oropharyngeal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and anal cancers. Evaluating racial and ethnic heterogeneity by anatomic site will identify populations with the highest cancer incidence rates (IRs) and help to optimize available prevention strategies. Methods Using the 2001-2020 US Cancer Statistics database, we estimated age-standardized

Background Growing evidence suggests transmission of colorectal cancer risk through the maternal line. There is scant information about transmission through the paternal line, despite plausible evidence from mammal experiments. Methods We examined the association between paternal occupation and colorectal cancer in the Child Health and Development Studies, a multi-generational cohort followed for 60

Background Cancer treatment can lead to organ toxicity requiring solid organ transplant (SOT). Transplant teams must evaluate the appropriateness of SOT in survivors of childhood, or adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer. Methods Children treated at a provincial (Ontario, Canada) pediatric center for any cancer between 1986-2021, and AYA (15-21 years) treated in an adult center for four common cancer

Background Historical redlining, or the Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) program’s racially biased mortgage risk monitoring maps in the 1930s, is implicated in shaping modern neighborhoods and health outcomes. This retrospective cohort study evaluates the association between redlining and mortality in young cancer patients. Methods Using the California Cancer Registry, we identified patients <25

Background European studies suggest artificial intelligence (AI) can reduce interval breast cancers (IBCs). However, research on IBC classification and AI’s effectiveness in the U.S., particularly using digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and annual screening, is limited. We aimed to mammographically classify IBCs and assess AI performance using a 12-month screening interval. Methods From digital mammography

Background Testicular germ cell tumours (TGCTs) are the most common malignancy in men 15-35 years of age. Management options for men with TGCTs include surgery, radiation and/or chemotherapy. Given TGCTs’ excellent survival, most patients live long enough to experience delayed treatment toxicities, warranting careful consideration of therapeutic decisions. An important outcome of interest is the development

Background Total mesorectal excision is the gold standard for rectal cancer surgery, with laparoscopic and robot-assisted approaches commonly employed. While robot-assisted surgery may offer technical advantages, there is limited evidence comparing short-term outcomes of laparoscopic and robot-assisted techniques, particularly in Western European populations. This study aimed to assess the short-term

Endometrial cancer (EC) is now the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the United States. Recognizing the urgent need to improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with EC, The National Cancer Institute (NCI) Gynecologic Cancer Steering Committee (GCSC) convened a Clinical Trials Planning Meeting (CTPM) on January 8th and 9th 2024, “Refining the Approach to Endometrial Cancer in the Immunotherapy

Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy transformed early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. However, the prognostic value of different pathological responses and the impact of adjuvant immunotherapy within a chemo-immunotherapy perioperative strategy remains unclear. We estimated time-to-event outcomes by graphical reconstruction of event-free survival (EFS) curves by pathological response

Overly optimistic estimations of effect sizes may lead to underpowered studies and risk of erroneously dismissing effective treatments. To understand the prevalence and factors contributing to estimation of effect sizes, we evaluated 385 superiority-design phase 3 oncology randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with pre-specified and observed hazard ratios (HR) in published manuscripts. Of these, 88%

Background The survival benefits of prophylactic antiviral therapy for cancer patients with HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection who require immunosuppressive therapy (IST) remain unclear. The present study aims to evaluate the association of prophylactic antiviral therapy with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in cancer patients. Methods This multicenter, retrospective cohort

BACKGROUND In 2022, the American Cancer Society updated its guideline for cancer survivors. However, the impact of post-diagnosis adherence on mortality risk for those with obesity-related cancers remains unclear. METHODS This study followed nonsmoking participants from the Cancer Prevention Study-II Nutrition Cohort diagnosed with obesity-related cancers between 1992 and 2002 through 2020. Post-diagnosis

Background Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat head and neck cancer patients, and response may be improved by combining radiation with preexisting medications. Based on recent preclinical and retrospective patient data, we hypothesized that antihypertensive drugs may improve radiotherapy outcomes. Methods Retrospective analyses were conducted on 1077 oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and

Background Estimating breast cancer risk involves quantifying genetic and non-genetic factors. This supports health interventions and risk communication to ensure adherence to screening recommendations. This study evaluated the change in risk estimation when incorporating breast density and polygenic risk score (PRS) into the baseline cancer risk assessment and compared the efficacy of two risk-assessment

Purpose Adjuvant endocrine therapy is recommended to extend beyond five years for stage II breast cancer, with less consensus for extension in stage I. We aimed to understand use of and decision-making about extended endocrine therapy. Patients and Methods Women aged 20-79 diagnosed with stage I-II breast cancer in 2014-15 and reported to Georgia and Los Angeles County SEER registries were surveyed

Purpose Susan G. Komen, the Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) Research Foundation, and the Milburn Foundation convened patient advocates, clinicians, and researchers to propose novel quantitative scoring rubrics for IBC diagnosis. In this study, we developed a multi-institutional clinical dataset to test and validate the proposed scoring system. Methods IBC (N = 988) and non-IBC (N = 332) cases were

Background General adiposity, assessed by body mass index (BMI), is a well-established cancer risk factor. This study compared waist circumference (WC), a measure of abdominal adiposity, with BMI as a risk factor for obesity-related cancers, and assessed whether WC provides additional information beyond BMI. Methods We analyzed data from 339 190 individuals in a pooled Swedish cohort with baseline

Understanding the patient experience of treatment toxicities and their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of cancer treatments requires asking patients themselves using patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Over the past twenty years, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) sponsored several tools, namely Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures and the Patient-Reported

Importance Brain metastases portend poor prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Designing treatment and prevention clinical trials requires knowledge of brain metastases incidence with each line of therapy. Objectives We assessed the prevalence and cumulative incidence of brain metastases in a large MBC patient cohort by subtype and line of therapy, and the impact of HER2-low expression

The COVID-19 pandemic created the urgent need to monitor risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality, and to evaluate immune responses to novel vaccines. A foremost concern was the unknown risks to patients with cancer, considering their overall health, immune status and interactions with cancer therapies. The U.S. National Cancer Institute, in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and

BACKGROUND Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is valuable for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD). However, studies involving long-term blood sampling are required to comprehensively interpret the clinical use of ctDNA analyses. METHODS We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study (LUNGCA) for dynamic ctDNA monitoring in lung cancer patients receiving curative-intent surgery. ctDNA analysis

Background The Life Span Study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors estimated greater risks of radiation-associated lung cancer among females than males, with direct implications for occupational radiation safety policy. To evaluate replicability of these findings in radiation workers, we assessed sex-specific radiation-associated risks of lung cancer mortality in a large cohort of U.S. radiologic technologists

Background Despite advances in breast cancer treatment, recurrence remains common and contributes to higher mortality risk. Among the potential mechanisms, inflammation plays a key role in recurrence by promoting tumor progression. Exercise provides a wide array of health benefits and may reduce inflammation, potentially reducing mortality risk. However, the effects of exercise, including mode (ie

Self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) and genetic ancestry (GA) are potentially associated with disparities in health outcomes; however, independent effects of SIRE and GA on mortality in cancer survivors including when adjusting for multiple risk factors are understudied. Among 23,445 cancer survivors in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Screening Trial, SIRE was associated with mortality

Background Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have increased cancer risk, which may differ across racial groups. Cancer risk among Asian American and Pacific Islander SOTRs is ill-defined. Methods We evaluated Asian, Pacific Islander, and White SOTRs from a linkage of the United States SOTR registry with 34 cancer registries (1990-2019). We calculated age-and-sex adjusted incidence rate ratios

Phenotypic plasticity and inflammation, two well-established hallmarks of cancer, play key roles in local invasion and distant metastasis by enabling the rapid adaptation of tumor cells to dynamic micro-environmental changes. Here, we show that in oral squamous carcinoma cell carcinoma (OSCC), the competition between the NuRD and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes plays a pivotal role in regulating

Background Many older adults with cancer are coprescribed opioids/benzodiazepines; evidence on harms is lacking. Methods Using SEER-Medicare (2012-2019), we identified patients with breast, colorectal, or lung cancer. Cox proportional hazards models estimated the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of coprescribing (measured from claims, at the day level) with the immediate risk of overdose, fall/fracture

Representative trials are critical to advancing cancer treatment, yet little is known about how geographic siting contributes to non-representative enrollment. Using patient-level data, we determined how the choice of trial-enrolling regions and practices impacts representativeness. We created a SEER-Medicare cohort of people ≥65 years old with lung, breast, pancreatic, or renal cancer (2014-2019)

Background The treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer now includes “watch-and-wait” (WW) management for patients who exhibit a clinical complete response (cCR) to total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). We assessed patients’ knowledge and preferences regarding WW with the goal of incorporating patient input into clinical trial design. Methods Rectal cancer patients in advocacy groups (COLONTOWN/Rectalburgh

The HPV-Automated Visual Evaluation (PAVE) Consortium is validating a cervical screening strategy enabling accurate cervical screening in resource-limited settings. A rapid, low-cost HPV assay permits sensitive HPV testing of self-collected vaginal specimens; HPV-negative women are reassured. Triage of positives combines HPV genotyping (four groups in order of cancer risk) and visual inspection assisted

Background There are increasing concerns of cardiovascular safety related to endocrine therapy use in women with breast cancer (BC). We examined risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and mortality associated with endocrine therapy use in postmenopausal women with early-stage BC. Methods Postmenopausal women diagnosed with stage I-III hormone receptor-positive BC from 2005 to 2013 were included

Background Cancer-related cognitive impairment is a common complication of cancer and its treatment. The effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-based interventions in improving subjective and objective cognitive function has not yet been investigated in previous network meta-analyses. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions including

Background Limited understanding of the biology predisposing certain human papillomavirus-related (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) to relapse impedes therapeutic personalization. We aimed to identify molecular traits that distinguish recurrence-prone tumors. Methods 50 HPV+ OPSCCs that later recurred (cases) and 50 non-recurrent controls matched for stage, therapy, and smoking

BACKGROUND Following human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction, declines in the prevalence of HPV vaccine types have been observed in screening cytology, but data from the United States describing HPV type-specific changes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2-3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2/CIN3/AIS) are limited. METHODS A state-wide sample of individuals with cervical biopsies

The mechanisms underlying metastatic latency in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remain poorly understood. This study evaluated two large independent cohorts for differences in tumor biology between patients who developed metastases early (≤1 year after nephrectomy) and those with late-onset (>3 years). In the discovery cohort (n = 161), late-metastatic RCC (late-mRCC) was associated with clear cell histology

Background Wildfires pose substantial health and safety threats to patients recovering from lung cancer surgery. Without specific disaster preparedness guidelines, surgical oncologists might resort to improvisational strategies, such as extending post-operative length of stay (LOS) to support surgical recovery and better protect the health and safety of patients. Methods Individuals aged ≥18 years

Li Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) arising from germline TP53 mutation results in defective DNA repair and increased risk of multiple primary cancers beginning in childhood. Curative intent radiotherapy is often used to treat childhood cancer but its impact in children in LFS has not been reviewed. We undertook a retrospective case-series review of 4 children with a solid cancer diagnosed ≤16years to assess

Background Recent increases in the diagnosis of certain cancers among younger individuals are generating intense concern. Many studies attribute the increase in so-called “young-onset” cancer to an etiologic cause but questions have also arisen about the role of earlier diagnosis. Methods We simulate incidence trends from a natural history model that includes healthy, preclinical, and clinical disease

Background Electronic health record (EHR) burden is an important driver of the ongoing physician burnout crisis. EHR-based messaging (also known as inbox) in particular, including messages from patients, is associated with burnout and decreased well-being. Little is known regarding EHR messaging burden for oncologists. To address this, we assessed trends in oncologist EHR messaging volume and EHR time