Purpose To evaluate the impact of intraocular lens (IOL) positional change following cataract surgery, measured by swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) in eyes with different lens thicknesses (LTs), and its influence on the accuracy of IOL power calculation. Methods This prospective cohort study enrolled patients who planned to undertake phacoemulsification and monofocal IOL implantation

This case-control study found male gender, prior anterior uveitis, and glaucoma as significant risk factors for CMV corneal endotheliitis in 1194 corneal transplant cases, emphasising importance of vigilant postoperative monitoring, especially in the first year post-transplant. This study examined the impact of social determinants of health on keratoconus and found that higher levels of education are

When corneal endotheliitis was first reported by Khodadoust and Attarzadeh in 1982, it was thought to be caused by an autoimmune process.1 The clinical presentation was similar to corneal allograft rejection due to the presence of linear corneal keratic precipitates (KPs). PCR testing in a patient with a similar clinical presentation in Japan led to discovery of the herpes simplex virus.2 Later, Koizumi

Purpose This study was designed to investigate risk factors for the development of cytomegalovirus (CMV) corneal endotheliitis following corneal transplantation. Methods We retrospectively analysed 1225 corneal transplants for bullous keratopathy between 2011 and 2021. 31 cases who were administered the treatment of CMV corneal endotheliitis preoperatively were excluded, and 1194 cases were analysed

Background/aims Clinical risk factors for keratoconus (KCN) have previously been established. While the impact of the social determinants of health on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of KCN has been explored, further study of these associations is needed in large and diverse populations. This cross-sectional study determines how education level and income impact the prevalence of KCN in the USA

Background To reveal clinical findings related to metastatic conjunctival melanoma. Methods 10 ophthalmic oncology centres (9 countries and 4 continents) shared data to create a large clinical case series. The main outcome measures were the incidence and cumulative risk of systemic metastasis, study mortality rates and Kaplan-Meier patient mortality after developing conjunctival melanoma metastasis

Background/aims The purpose of this study is to define genetic factors associated with anterior uveitis through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Methods In this GWAS meta-analysis, we combined data from the FinnGen, Estonian Biobank and UK Biobank with a total of 12 205 anterior uveitis cases and 917 145 controls. We performed a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) to investigate associations

Background The present study aims to identify the relationship between longitudinal changes in corneal hysteresis (CH) and progressive retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning in a cohort of medically controlled, early-to-moderate open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with a history of laser refractive surgery (LRS). Methods A total of 123 consecutive eyes with a diagnosis of medically controlled (peak

Background To evaluate the impact of testing frequency on the time required to detect statistically significant glaucoma progression for ganglion cell complex (GCC) with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Materials and methods From multicentre glaucoma registries, 332 eyes of 201 glaucoma patients were enrolled over an average of 4.4 years. Patients with 4 or more OCT tests were selected to calculate

Background/aims Bleb characteristics in the area around the plate following glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery are difficult to evaluate on slit lamp examination. Ultrasound sonography could be used for more detailed visualisation. The aim of this study was to describe bleb configuration after PAUL glaucoma implant (PGI) surgery and evaluate the possible correlation with intraocular pressure (IOP)

Purpose To explore the relationship between characteristics of macular neovascularisation (MNV) and photoreceptor integrity in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods This prospective study enrolled treatment-naïve nAMD eyes and conducted a 3-month follow-up. 16 quantitative MNV features were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography, and the impaired

Purpose To quantitatively explore preretinal abnormal tissue (PAT) in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgery. Methods In this case-series study, PAT was detected by en-face optical coherence tomography images with custom slabs in eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SF6 for macula-on RRD. Main outcome measures were PAT area at baseline, 3-month and 6-month

Background Anterior segment ischaemia (ASI) is a rare but feared complication associated with strabismus surgery, arising from damage of the anterior ciliary arteries that run along the extraocular rectus muscles. It has been reported that the risk of ASI following strabismus surgery increases when the vertical rectus muscles are involved. The aim of the present study was to monitor anterior segment

Background Differentiating arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (A-AION) due to giant cell arteritis (GCA) from non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) may pose a diagnostic challenge. Our study aimed to assess the use of standard orbital MRI in distinguishing ocular manifestations of GCA from NA-AION. Methods This study included 25 consecutive patients (11 GCA, 14 NA-AION)

Background To report the presenting clinical, serological and treatment profiles of 1439 patients with thyroid eye disease (TED) from a tertiary centre in Hong Kong. Study populations Consecutive patients with TED presented to the Thyroid Eye Clinic (TEC), the Chinese University of Hong Kong between 2014 and 2023. Methods Prospective cohort and masked review of medical records and orbital images. Results

Purpose To assess the prevalence and risk factors of myopic macular degeneration (MMD) in young and middle-aged individuals with high myopia in Changsha, central China. Methods A total of 445 adults with high myopia (worse than or equal to −5.0 D) were examined between 2021 and 2023. Autorefraction and biometry using IOLMaster were conducted, and fundus photos were graded for MMD using Meta-PM criteria

Background Orbital cavernous venous malformations (OCVMs) are the most common primary orbital mass lesion and presenting symptoms are usually secondary to a mass effect. Surgical excision presents unique challenges and vision loss is a rare, but devastating, complication. This review aims to identify risk factors for vision loss with excision of OCVMs. Method A systematic search of the databases PubMed/MEDLINE

Aims To describe a simple surgical technique consisting of opening the vertical graft-host junction (GHJ) to manage high astigmatism following deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) and to report postoperative visual and topographic outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective interventional case series. Patients affected by high astigmatism after DALK underwent progressive opening of the previous

This case report discusses development of central retinal artery occlusion in a patient undergoing chemotherapy for biopsy-proven stage 3 breast cancer with paclitaxel.

ImportanceBaseline ocular biometrics of the anterior segment forecast progression from primary angle closure suspect (PACS) to primary angle closure (PAC). As ocular biometrics change with aging, it is also important to understand the progression risk associated with these longitudinal anatomical changes.ObjectiveTo assess 18-month ocular biometric changes as risk factors for progression from PACS

Background Contact lenses (CLs), used by approximately 140 million people globally, can induce corneal warpage, altering corneal geometry. This impacts corneal imaging, influencing diagnostic assessments, follow-ups and pre-operative evaluations. This systematic review aimed to determine the optimal CL cessation period before corneal imaging. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted across

Background/aims This study aimed to develop a predictive equation for Functional Field Score (FFS), a component of the Functional Vision Score (FVS) derived from binocular Esterman test results via automated perimetry (AP) and to evaluate agreement with Goldmann perimetry (GP)-based FFS. Methods This retrospective multicentre study included 240 patients (mean age: 61±17.5 years) who underwent both

To describe tocilizumab (TCZ) effectiveness in 15 children with refractory non-infectious uveitis. Reported outcomes are the number of relapses before and after treatment, steroid-sparing effect and drug retention rate. Macular oedema, fluorangiographic findings and ocular complications are also reported. The mean number of ocular relapses significantly decreased from 314 per 100 eyes/year to 106 per

PURPOSE The goal of this study is to describe the rates of successful corneal tomography in children with Down Syndrome (DS) and to determine whether high levels of astigmatism or myopia are reliable indicators of keratoconus in children with DS. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND CONTROLS Patients aged 4 to 18 years old with and without DS who underwent corneal tomography to

Pachychoroid spectrum disorders (PSDs) represent a group of chorioretinal disorders characterized by abnormal choroidal thickening and various pathological changes in the choroid, retinal pigment epithelium, and retina. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current multimodal imaging techniques in the diagnosis and management of PSDs. We examine the role of various imaging modalities including

To investigate the safety and tolerability of subconjunctival injection of three escalating doses of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in patients with persistent corneal epithelial defect/disease (PCED).

PURPOSE To investigate the safety and diagnostic utility of anterior chamber (AC) paracentesis in patients with ocular inflammation at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). DESIGN This was a two-part study including a cross-sectional survey study to assess practice patterns on AC paracentesis and a retrospective diagnostic and safety study of all outpatient AC paracentesis performed between

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term risk of incident giant cell arteritis (GCA) following herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS AND CONTROLS Adults aged ≥50 years with a diagnosis of HZO (ICD-10 B02.3) between May 2005 and April 2024 were identified from the TriNetX Global Collaborative Network and compared to controls without any history of zoster. All patients

PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of vertical asymmetry analysis of macular microvasculature for diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) patients who have undergone pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP). DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional diagnostic evaluation. METHODS DR patients with PRP were categorized into those without OAG (Group 1) and those with OAG (Group 2). Peripapillary

ImportanceThe accuracy of the predicted risk of malignant transformation of a large choroidal nevus or indeterminate melanocytic tumor (IMT) is not known.ObjectiveTo estimate the risk of malignant transformation (predicted risk) in a cohort of patients with IMT of known outcomes (observed status; benign [large nevus] or malignant [small melanoma]).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis was a cohort

This Viewpoint reviews the history of innovation in cataract surgery and site-neutral policies and suggests changes that could propel clinical innovation, reduce costs, and expand access to cataract care.

ImportanceEarly-onset childhood glaucoma usually is diagnosed based on signs and symptoms (such as a cloudy cornea, buphthalmos, or excessive lacrimation). However, the signs and symptoms can overlap with other congenital conditions, making differentiation important. Swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT) may offer a rapid, noninvasive alternative to assess the trabecular

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are conserved, short, non-coding RNAs that play a crucial role in regulating gene expression. Emerging evidence suggests that miRNAs are closely involved in the pathophysiology of various corneal diseases, particularly in regulating corneal wound healing, inflammation and neovascularization. In this review, we summarized the recent progress of miRNAs in corneal diseases, especially

Background Pathological myopia (PM) has emerged as a leading cause of global visual impairment, early detection and precise grading of PM are crucial for timely intervention. The atrophy, traction and neovascularisation (ATN) system is applied to define PM progression and stages with precision. This study focuses on constructing a comprehensive PM image dataset comprising both fundus and optical coherence

PURPOSE Research has shown that the prevalence of vision difficulty is higher among US adults with low income than among those with higher income. We aimed to examine the trends in income-related inequalities in vision difficulty and to identify the contributions of explanatory factors. DESIGN A cross-sectional and trend study. METHODS Our study estimated income-related inequalities in self-reported

TOPIC The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare trabeculectomy augmented with anti-VEGF and trabeculectomy without anti-VEGF for the treatment of glaucoma in an adult population. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Trabeculectomy has long been established as the 'gold standard' surgical procedure in the management of glaucoma when medical and laser options are deemed to be inadequate but has

Aims To assess and compare the risk of adverse renal events among patients with diabetic macular oedema (DME) who were treated with either intravitreal ranibizumab or aflibercept in Taiwan. Methods We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study and employed a target trial emulation framework using Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database from 2011 to 2018. Patients aged over 20 years

Background Due to technical limitations of commonly used tonometry devices, the effects of physical exercise on intraocular pressure (IOP) have never been studied during exercise. This study continuously monitored IOP variations in patients with glaucoma during physical exercise using an implanted IOP microsensor. Methods In total, 10 participants (six male and four female) with open-angle glaucoma

Background/Aims To ascertain factors associated with persistent diplopia after orbital fracture reconstruction. Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed 798 cases with depressed fragment fracture at the Department of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine Hospital between January 2009 and November 2023. The restriction of extraocular movements and diplopia was assessed using the Hess area

Aim To evaluate the impact of fluid volume fluctuations quantified with artificial intelligence in optical coherence tomography scans during the maintenance phase and visual outcomes at 12 and 24 months in a real-world, multicentre, national cohort of treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes. Methods Demographics, visual acuity (VA) and number of injections were collected

Background/aims This work aims to clarify whether micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MPCPC) is gentler in terms of postoperative inflammation and is better tolerated compared with continuous wave cyclophotocoagulation (CWCPC). Methods Prospective, randomised controlled, interventional, single-centre trial performed at the Ludwig Maximilians University Munich from January 2020 to July 2023

Objective To establish the influence of different optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers at baseline treatment on the potential response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for diabetic macular oedema (DME). Methods Multicentric, retrospective, case-series study in patients with DME switched to dexamethasone implant injections (DEX-i) after anti-VEGF in real clinical

Background Cataract surgery has been shown to reduce the risk of developing dementia in the future; however, its impact on different dementia subtypes, including vascular dementia, remains unknown. Moreover, its dementia-protecting effect among cataract patients with common mental disorder (CMD) remains unclear. Methods Patients aged 65 or older diagnosed with cataract between 2012 and 2021 were included

Background/aims Many countries provide social support to patients with severe sight impairment (blindness). In the UK, these benefits require a certificate of visual impairment (CVI) which requires referral by a consultant ophthalmologist. Many eligible patients do not receive a CVI due to personal choice or lack of consideration or communication by their doctor. This study investigated the frequency

Aims To determine the effect of continuing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections on the progression of macular atrophy (MA) during remission of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 59 eyes with nAMD with at least 6-month remission (disease inactivity) were analysed and were grouped into two. In group 1, anti-VEGF injections

PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are important therapeutic options for type 2 diabetes and obesity; however, concerns about ophthalmic safety persist. This study examined associations between GLP-1 RAs and ocular adverse events (AEs). DESIGN Global observational pharmacovigilance study. METHODS We searched the US FAERS database (via OpenVigil 2.1) and WHO's VigiBase (via

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ocular myasthenia gravis (OMG) significantly affects patients' quality of life. However, conventional serum assays often fail to detect anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies in more than half of OMG cases, complicating accurate diagnosis. Given the immunological role of tears in the ocular environment, they may serve as a viable alternative for antibody detection. This

Background/aims We investigated the impact of potential risk factors on the development of incident glaucoma in individuals with myopia. Methods This prospective cohort study investigated participants aged 40–69 years from the UK Biobank. Participants were classified based on the degree of myopia: non-myopic (spherical equivalent (SE)≤−0.5D), mild myopia (−3.0D

Aims To assess choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CCFD%) across stages of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA). Methods This cross-sectional, observational study included 270 eyes (182 patients), classified as early (70 eyes), intermediate (121 eyes) and geographic atrophy (GA, 79 eyes). Participants underwent a complete

Objective To validate a self-administered Home Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (H-ETDRS) visual acuity (VA) test and to assess its accuracy in detecting VA decline in patients with retinal diseases. Methods A validation group of 156 participants and a testing group of 100 participants with diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration were recruited. All participants underwent

Aims To investigate rule-based and deep learning (DL)-based methods for the automatically generating natural language diagnostic reports for macular diseases. Methods This diagnostic study collected the ophthalmic images of 2261 eyes from 1303 patients. Colour fundus photographs and optical coherence tomography images were obtained. Eyes without retinal diseases as well as eyes diagnosed with four

Aims Our aim is to develop a deep learning-based system for automatically identifying and classifying benign and malignant tumours of the eyelid to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Methods The dataset includes photographs of normal eyelids, benign and malignant eyelid tumours and was randomly divided into a training and validation dataset in a ratio of 8:2. We used the training dataset to

ImportanceThe optimal timing for secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in children with bilateral aphakia remains uncertain, with important implications for long-term visual outcomes and the risk of complications such as glaucoma. Determining when to implant to achieve the best visual outcomes while minimizing complications is critical for improving clinical decision-making in pediatric cataract

This case report describes a diagnosis of ruptured Soemmering ring and visual axis reopacification 14 months after cataract surgery in a child aged 2 years.