Emerging evidence has connected Alzheimer's disease (AD) to systemic inflammation, intestinal abnormalities, and altered gut microbiota, highlighting the significance of the gut–brain axis. Here, we investigated the impact of acute experimental colitis (acute colitis) on AD pathology.

Widespread use of retinal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) imaging requires methodological and analytical consensus to ensure reproducible and accurate results in epidemiological studies on Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Alzheimer's & Dementia publishes a set of papers exploring the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of a novel cutting-edge multiplexed biomarker measurement technology across neurodegenerative dementias.

Dementia impairs driving skills, but the specific driving behaviors affected are not fully understood. This project reviewed the literature on driving behaviors more common among people with dementia compared to age-matched healthy controls. A search of Scopus, Medline All, and Embase databases (1994 to September 2024) identified relevant studies. Articles were included if they addressed driving behaviors

The morphological and molecular changes associated with the degeneration of arterioles in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are incompletely understood.

We addressed whether higher education plays a causal role in reducing dementia risk by comparing two indices of cognitive reserve: education and young adult general cognitive ability (GCA).

Synapse loss is a key driver of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD), yet its direct relationship with neurofibrillary tau tangle (NFT) burden remains unclear. This study leveraged positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to investigate the link between NFT accumulation and synaptic density in older adults with and without AD pathology.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) plasma biomarkers are non-invasive measures of the key amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies. Validation and generalization studies are needed to fully understand their potential for AD prediction and diagnosis in the elderly population.

Analyzing the proteomes of different brain cell types is fundamental for understanding the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, spatial analysis of these diverse and limited cell populations poses significant challenges.

We aimed to examine the global impact of brain small vessel disease (SVD) on cognitive performance.

INTRODUCTIONThe study aimed to develop and validate the Emergency Department Dementia Algorithm (EDDA) to detect dementia among older adults (65+) and support clinical decision‐making in the emergency department (ED).METHODSIn a multisite retrospective study of 759,665 ED visits, electronic health record data from Yale New Haven Health (2014–2022) were used to train three supervised and semi‐unsupervised

INTRODUCTIONThis study assessed the heterogeneous treatment effects (HTEs) of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RAs) and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) on the risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).METHODSThis target trial emulation study included adults (≥ 50 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and newly prescribed a GLP‐1RA, SGLT2i, or other second‐line

INTRODUCTIONEnd‐of‐life (EOL) caregiving is associated with stress and burden, especially for persons with dementia. Little is known, however, about how dementia diagnosis, family structure, and co‐residence influence the prevalence of antidepressants and anxiolytics (psychiatric prescriptions) among spouses and adult children during EOL caregiving.METHODSThis was a retrospective cohort study of spouses

INTRODUCTIONDementia family caregivers face a significant burden due to the progressive nature of the disease, which places them at high risk for depression. Because a lack of information is available on the social determinants of health that impact depression, this study investigated this relationship.METHODSThis study was a secondary data analysis using the 2017 National Health and Aging Trends Study

INTRODUCTIONWe report the feasibility and cognitive outcomes of a stage 1b randomized trial testing 3 months of home‐delivered high polyphenol snacks (e.g., nuts, berries) and online speed of processing training among older adults with 12 or fewer years of education.METHODSOne hundred eighty participants were randomized to polyphenol‐rich snacks and online cognitive training, polyphenol snacks and

INTRODUCTIONHeterogeneity of clinical progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD) complicates the assessment of disease progression and treatment effects in trials. This study evaluates the potential of plasma phosphorylated tau‐217 (p‐tau217) to capture this heterogeneity.METHODSWe used k‐means clustering to analyze cognitive trajectories in amyloid beta –positive (Aβ+) cognitively normal (CN) and mild

Recent years have seen major advances in tau‐associated brain disorders through interdisciplinary research spanning molecular biology, neuroimaging, clinical trials, and therapeutic development. The Tau2024 Global Conference, hosted by the Alzheimer's Association, CurePSP, and Rainwater Charitable Foundation, showcased these efforts by bringing together researchers and experts worldwide to discuss

Dilmore AH, Martino C, Neth BJ, et al. Effects of a ketogenic and low-fat diet on the human metabolome, microbiome, and foodome in adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's Dement. 2023;4805-4816. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.13007 The Conflict of Interest Statement is incomplete. The full Conflict of Interest Statement should be: Rima Kaddurah-Daouk is an inventor of key patents in the field

INTRODUCTIONWe investigated the associations of longitudinal synaptic loss and cognitive decline with tau burden and plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD).METHODSTwenty cognitively impaired (CI) individuals and 16 healthy controls (HC) underwent cognitive and plasma biomarker assessments, amyloid positron emission tomography (PET), tau PET, and synaptic density PET; after 1 year, tau and synaptic

INTRODUCTIONLimited information is available regarding sex differences in the relationship of socioeconomic status and cognitive performance with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) family history.METHODSLeveraging the UK Biobank (N = 448,100) and All of Us Research Program (N = 240,319), we conducted observational and genetically informed analyses to test the sex‐specific associations

This systematic review aims to identify available cognitive assessments for Arabic‐speaking older adults and to assess their validity and performance. A comprehensive search was conducted using Medline, Embase, and APA PsycInfo up to November 2023, encompassing studies validating or using cognitive tools in Arabic for individuals aged ≥ 50. We identified 29 validation studies for 20 cognitive tools

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severely debilitating neurodegenerative disease with a rapidly increasing global prevalence, poorly understood causes, and no efficient treatments. Experimental models are valuable for studying AD pathogenesis, including amyloid beta and tau accumulation, synaptic dysfunction, and neuroinflammation. While no model fully reproduces the disease, we take an evolutionary biology

BACKGROUNDThis study evaluates the capability of cortical microstructural measures from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia, compared to commonly used macrostructural measures. Identification of high‐risk individuals can support both clinical practice and trials.METHODSStructural and diffusion MRI scans of 826 participants

INTRODUCTIONWhite matter hyperintensity volume (WMH), markers of cerebral small vessel disease, are disproportionately prevalent among Black/African American and Hispanic individuals. While cardiometabolic risk factors contribute to WMHs, their association across racial ethnic groups among females remains unclear. This study examines associations among cardiometabolic risk factors, blood pressure,

INTRODUCTIONWe investigated whether study partner characteristics moderated the ability of informant measures to predict cognitive decline in a cognitively unimpaired sample.METHODSData were from 2164 cognitively unimpaired participants from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center and their study partners. Composite cognition scores were calculated at baseline and first follow‐up. Linear mixed

BACKGROUNDMaintenance of cerebral blood flow during orthostasis is impaired with aging and associated with cognitive decline, but the effect of the apolipoprotein ɛ4 allele (APOE4) is unknown.METHODSOlder adults (n = 108) (APOE4 carriers, n = 47; non‐carriers, n = 61) diagnosed as having normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or Alzheimer's disease (AD) underwent transcranial Doppler

INTRODUCTIONUpward educational attainment is associated with better cognitive function; differences by Hispanic/Latino heritage are unclear.METHODSWe analyzed data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and its ancillary study SOL‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA; n = 3300) to compare cognitive function and 7‐year cognitive change between first‐generation

This paper reports on a Conference organized by the Washington University School of Medicine's (WUSM) Knight Alzheimer Disease Research Center (Knight ADRC), entitled “Enhancing Participation by Minoritized Groups in Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia (ADRD) Research.” It builds on recommendations from a 2018 Workshop. Representatives from all 37 federally funded ADRCs described strategies to enhance

INTRODUCTIONWe examined sex effects on amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) in a large cohort of patients evaluated for cognitive complaints in a “real‐world” specialty setting.METHODSWe analyzed 10,361 amyloid PET scans (51% females) from the Imaging Dementia–Evidence for Amyloid Scanning Study. Amyloid positivity was defined by either local visual read or central PET processing and quantification

This study investigated the role of the ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) in dominantly inherited Alzheimer's disease (DIAD) by examining cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of UPS proteins.

Dear Editor, We appreciate the insightful commentary by Cognat and colleagues entitled “Alzheimer's disease and related disorders in patients with bipolar disorders and other mental disorders: Actual neurodegenerative processes or phenocopies?”1 regarding our recently published article.2 In our original study, we reported an association between a history of bipolar disorder (BD) and the risk of Alzheimer's

INTRODUCTIONMedical conditions prevalent in Black adults within the United States have been associated with plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p‐tau217); however, insufficient p‐tau217 research has been conducted with Black adults.METHODSParticipants included n = 233 predominantly cognitively unimpaired adults enrolled in the African Americans Fighting Alzheimer's in Midlife study. Subsamples

INTRODUCTIONThe purpose of this study is to examine associations between kidney disease and cognitive impairment among diverse middle‐aged and older Hispanic/Latino individuals.METHODSBetween 2016 and 2018, the Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging (SOL‐INCA) enrolled diverse Hispanic/Latino individuals ages 50 years and older (n = 6377). Cognitive function, cognitive change, and mild

INTRODUCTIONWhile immune dysfunction has been increasingly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, many major innate immune signaling molecules have yet to be explored in AD pathogenesis using genetic targeting approaches.METHODSTo investigate a role for the key innate immune adaptor molecule, stimulator of interferon genes (STING), in AD, we deleted Sting1 in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD‐related

INTRODUCTIONWe previously demonstrated that single‐domain amnestic mild cognitive impairment (SDAm‐MCI) detected through longitudinal neuropsychological testing in our research cohort is less severe than in clinically incident symptomatic individuals. This study aims to replicate and expand this work using a National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center dataset.METHODSParticipants were classified into two

The Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP) is a national initiative to understand the genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) by integrating whole genome sequencing (WGS) with other genetic, phenotypic, and harmonized datasets from diverse populations.

Dear Editors, We read with great interest the article titled “Independent associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias” published in Alzheimers & Dementia.1 The intriguing finding that low levels of both high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides (TGs) were associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's

INTRODUCTIONDementia disproportionately affects individuals in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs), yet diagnostic capabilities there are often inadequate. This study assesses the impact of a structured training program for primary care physicians (PCPs) in Cuba to improve early dementia detection.METHODSWe conducted a cluster‐randomized trial involving 16 primary care clinics, randomizing them

INTRODUCTIONAs one of the most rapidly aging societies globally, Korea's efforts to mitigate the social burden of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) may provide valuable insights.METHODSWe conducted a mixed‐methods review of studies and policies related to dementia care in Korea over the past 25 years, including quantitative analysis of administrative and comparative data.RESULTSEstimates

β‐Amyloid (Αβ) imaging revolutionized the in vivo assessment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) Αβ pathology and its changes over time, increasing our insights into Aβ deposition in the brain by providing highly accurate, reliable, and reproducible quantitative statements of regional and global Aβ burden in the brain, proving essential for the differential diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of disease‐specific

The Alzheimer's Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) consortium represents a critical locus of research on Alzheimer's disease and related disorders (ADRD) prevention, diagnosis, and intervention. Through the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's (NACC) standardized protocol, the Uniform Data Set (UDS), ADRCs have collected rich, harmonizable clinical and cognitive data. However, the collection of

INTRODUCTIONUnderstanding the impact of cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) on dementia risk can inform primary preventative measures.METHODSWe leveraged a nationwide, population‐based Medicare dataset of 20,789,037 beneficiaries (756,321 with incident dementia and 20,032,716 controls) from 2017 to compute the individual and combined population attributable fractions (PAFs) of dementia attributed to eight

INTRODUCTIONDespite ongoing debate about whether Parkinson's disease (PD) dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are separable diseases or a single Lewy body dementia (LBD) spectrum, there are limited investigations of differences between these conditions.METHODSWe used fixel‐based diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and plasma measures to examine white matter integrity and burden of amyloid

INTRODUCTIONWe sought to examine the associations of physical frailty (PF) and biopsychological frailty (BF) with dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among Chinese older adults and further to explore neuropathological mechanisms underlying the associations.METHODSThis population‐based cross‐sectional study included 5149 participants in the MIND‐China baseline examination (2018); of these,

INTRODUCTIONReasons for emergency department (ED) visits for persons with cognitive impairment are usually driven by unmet needs.METHODSED patients ≥ 75 years old with screener‐detected cognitive impairment (Mini‐Cog ≤ 3/5) or care partner tool (Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly > 3.4), and care partners from New York and Indiana academically affiliated EDs, were randomly

INTRODUCTIONAlzheimer's disease (AD) disrupts human sleep architecture more severely than normal aging. However, it remains unclear how AD changes oscillatory neural activity during sleep, and whether such changes foreshadow cognitive decline in AD.METHODSWe used high‐density electroencephalography sleep recordings in 55 participants: (1) 21 healthy older adults, (2) 28 patients with amnestic mild

INTRODUCTIONDown syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder that leads to intellectual disability and accelerated aging, increasing the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The pathophysiology of AD and DS is multifactorial, involving amyloid precursor protein overexpression, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. This study investigates kynurenine pathway metabolites in elderly individuals with DS (with/without

INTRODUCTIONRecent advancements in immunological methods accurately quantify biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Despite progress, more biomarkers, ideally in blood, are needed for effective disease monitoring for AD and other neurodegenerative proteinopathies.METHODSWe used the Nucleic Acid Linked Immuno‐Sandwich Assay (NULISA) central nervous system panel for biomarker quantification

INTRODUCTIONClinicians’ views on the clinical readiness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood biomarkers (BBMs) are not well understood.METHODSThe Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment Biofluid‐Based Biomarkers Professional Interest Area conducted a survey to elicit clinician opinions on AD BBM implementation, including contexts of use, assay selection

Free-water imaging of the choroid plexus (CP) may improve the evaluation of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). This study examined astrocytic contributions to neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS), focusing on astrocytic protein activity and its relationship with NPS severity, accounting for clinical and pathological features of NDs.

INTRODUCTIONTrans‐synaptic connectome‐based spread is a shared mechanism behind different tauopathic conditions, but they exhibit divergent spatiotemporal progression. One explanation is that conditions may incur directional biases in tau transmission along fiber tracts.METHODSWe examined this hypothesis using tau data from 11 distinct mouse models across four experimental studies. For this purpose

INTRODUCTIONResting‐state functional connectivity (FC) of the default mode network (DMN) is linked to Alzheimer's disease in people with Down syndrome (DS). In adults without DS, cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with DMN FC; however, this has not been unexplored in DS.METHODSThis analysis used baseline data from an intervention in adults with DS. Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging

Dear Editor, The paper from Mostert et al.1 makes a strong and important case for the potential of universal pensions to enhance equitable and healthy aging in all global contexts. We agree with many of the arguments presented, including the overarching desire for social justice and evidence-based public policy to improve health in old age. However, we noted four key issues/omissions that we consider

INTRODUCTIONMore intermuscular fat (IMF) has been associated with lower cognitive performance through mechanisms that are not fully elucidated.METHODSThe associations of 7628 plasma proteins with IMF were assessed in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (n = 941, mean age = 66.7 ± 15.2) and validated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (n = 2451, mean age = 50.2 ± 3.6)

INTRODUCTIONMales are disproportionately represented in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Little is known regarding sex differences in cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor features of the prodromal stage of DLB.METHODSWe used National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center longitudinal data to examine cognitive, neuropsychiatric, and motor features in 120 males and 23 females 2 years prior to a clinical

We appreciate the thoughtful feedback from scholars who suggest that we should have used life expectancy at age 45 or 25 to support our argument for pension reforms in Africa. While life expectancy at these specific ages provides an average estimate of the remaining lifespan, it does not capture the nuances of individual survival probabilities, making it less reliable for certain analyses. This remains