Acid-base bifunctional catalysts have garnered increasing attention due to their excellent adaptability to low-quality oils. The montmorillonite supported bimetallic catalysts are successfully synthesized by wet impregnation method, and the effects of catalyst in transesterification of the acidified palm oil to produce biodiesel are evaluated. Various characterization methods of XRD, CO2/NH3-TPD BET

The growing environmental concerns over non-biodegradable plastics have spurred the need for sustainable alternatives. While, natural fiber-reinforced PLA composites offer promise, they often suffer from poor moisture resistance, weak adhesion, and flammability. This study explores bamboo-kenaf/PLA hybrid composites (30:70, 50:50, 70:30 ratios) and non-hybrid variants (bamboo-PLA, kenaf-PLA) to address

Co-processing of bio-crude with petroleum feedstocks presents a promising avenue for integrating renewable resources into existing refinery infrastructure. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has demonstrated significant potential for energy densification and production of a suitable bio-intermediate from wet bio-feedstocks. This study explored the use of coking as a non-catalytic co-processing method

Lignocellulose-derived inhibitory compounds formed during the harsh pretreatment of biomass often inhibits or delays microbial growth, necessitating detoxification of hydrolysates before microbial fermentation. In this study the Corn Stover (CS) hydrolysate, derived from 15 % solid loading of CS-biomass, contained sugars (37 g/L glucose, 75 g/L total reducing sugars), but also contains inhibitors that

Furfural (FF) is a platform chemical with high value and wide application. The catalysts (Zinc oxide modified magnesium-aluminum spinel catalyst (Zn/MgAl2O4)) prepared in this paper allowed for the fast and efficient preparation of FF. Catalytic pyrolysis experiments were carried out on three typical biomass, and it was found that Zn/MgAl2O4 had a significant enrichment effect on the production of

The development of carbon-based electrode materials from biomass is a significant trend in the advancement of supercapacitors. Achieving the synergistic construction of porous structures and graphitization is crucial for enhancing their energy storage properties. In this study, peanut shells serve as a biomass feedstock, and synergistic catalytic graphitization and oriented pore generation are designed

Onion peel waste (OPW), a major by-product of the agri-food industry, represents an underutilized biomass rich in valuable polysaccharides such as pectin. Addressing the need for sustainable valorization strategies, this study explores the transformation of OPW into pectin-derived compounds (PDCs) through a continuous subcritical water (SubW) extraction process conducted without chemical additives

The selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol to cyclohexane is a key reaction for upgrading guaiacol, a phenolic compound derived from lignin, for fuel production from abundant and renewable biomass sources. However, the role of noble metal promoters in nickel-based catalysts has been less extensively studied. In this work, we have applied the principles of green chemistry by modifying the d

The novel Garcinia Indica feedstock grown on non-arable land with 37 % oil content ensures sustainable biofuel production resources. A two-stage transesterification process (catalyst: H2SO4 followed by NaOH) is applied to reduce the free fatty acid content of 12.58 % in crude oil for biodiesel conversion. Central composite design matrices were used to conduct transesterification experiments and collect

The particle size of biochar affects the degradation of biomass during anaerobic digestion. This study investigated the influence of particle sizes (>2.0, 2.0–1.0, 1.0–0.5, 0.5–0.25, 0.25–0.15, 0.15–0.063, and <0.063 mm) of wheat straw biochar (BC), synthesized at 900 °C for 1 h on the biomethane potential (BMP) of glucose under mesophilic condition (37 °C). The results show that course biochars enhanced

The environmental impact of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and petrochemical plastics is increasing and needs a shift towards sustainable materials production. This review focuses on advanced technologies in pyrolysis processes mainly catalytic and co-pyrolysis processes that convert waste streams into valuable products. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis and catalytic improvements are

Demands of high energy in wastewater treatment plant and water pollution due to grey water made the situation from bad to worse. Therefore, simultaneous removal of pollutant and fulfil the energy demand compel to carry out the current study. This study represented a trade-off between biogas upgrading and pollution removal by anaerobic co-digestion of brewery wastewater and malt sprout derived biochar

Chemical looping gasification of biomass resources is an innovative technology to obtain high-quality syngas with less energy consumption and CO2 emission. In this work, to efficiently convert biomass wastes into syngas, red mud was tested as oxygen carrier for chemical looping gasification process. In order to enhance performance of this oxygen carrier, alkali and alkaline earth metal doping strategy

Access to clean energy is essential for mitigating global warming and combating climate change, making the transition to renewable energy sources a critical global priority. This review presents a detailed and systematic analysis of biomass-to-biohydrogen conversion pathways, encompassing biological and thermochemical methods, with a focus on their environmental and economic implications. Dark fermentation

This study focused on the optimized preparation of biodiesel over a ZrO2-modified CaO catalyst. CaO/ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized by impregnation, co-precipitation, and sol-gel methods, and analyzed by various characterization methods, including N2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermally programmed desorption of CO2 (CO2-TPD), and scanning

This study investigates the potential of Indian Neem seed oil, a non-edible oil, as a sustainable feedstock in a biorefinery system for producing energy carriers and high-value products, presenting a viable alternative to conventional petroleum-based bio-lubricants. The research focuses on the production and characterization of bio-lubricants from Neem seed oil through a two-step process. In the first

Several valorisation pathways for Solid Recovered Fuel (SRF) utilising gasification to produce various outputs (heat, electricity and Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)) were compared to the benchmark incineration. Energy yields varied notably among the scenarios: 66 % for incineration, 44 % for gasification followed by syngas combustion in a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine, and 54–62 % for SNG production (using

Rice husk, a silica-rich lignocellulosic biomass, is produced in large quantities as a low-value byproduct of the rice milling industry. The lack of efficient and sustainable utilization technologies for rice husks poses significant environmental concerns. This study introduces a novel direct thermal liquefaction process that enables the complete valorization of rice husk by converting its lignocellulosic

Separation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OMSW) offers significant environmental benefits by avoiding air, water and soil contamination, nutrient losses, pathogen and vector dispersal, eutrophication, methane emissions, and unnecessary waste transport. Additionally, anaerobic digestion can improve the sustainability of OMSW management while producing biogas. Based on the German “Bioenergy

The increasing global demand for sustainable energy and efficient waste management underscores the need for integrated approaches that enhance both environmental and agricultural sustainability. This review investigates the dual valorization of biogas and digestate from anaerobic digestion, highlighting their complementary roles in renewable energy generation, soil fertility enhancement, and circular

Optimizing microalgal biomass production is pivotal for advancing sustainable bioenergy production, yet the inherent trade-off between growth and lipid accumulation under nutrient stress remains a significant hurdle. This study utilized C. reinhardtii to examine the effects of acetate supplementation on enhancing biomass under nitrogen sufficiency (Stage I) and lipid synthesis under nitrogen deficiency

Large-scale agricultural biomass production (LABP) has received much attention due to the growing global interest in renewable energy and the urgent need to achieve carbon neutrality. However, as its implementation is affected by the multitude of interrelated factors, analyzing these factors can help accelerate its scaling up. Although existing literature has classified the barriers to agricultural

Numerous studies have focused on producing renewable energy using different technologies, such as energy crops as feedstock. However, the effect of the side products has not been deeply studied so far because of their heterogeneity, particle size, and low energy value. In this study, it is evaluated two side products (fruit husk – FHK, seed shells – SSH) derived from Jatropha curcas L. cultivation

Supercritical water gasification of microalgae offers a solution to hydrogen production that can simultaneously capture carbon from the atmosphere as both CO2 and solid biochar, without some of the negative environmental impacts of other biomass sources. Investigation into the influences of temperature (400–600 °C), biomass concentration (1-3 wt%), Oxidant Coefficient (0–0.5), heterogenous catalysts

This study examines the physical activation of Pistacia terebinthus shells—an underutilized biomass—using CO2 and H2O, highlighting a single-reactor, energy-efficient process that eliminates intermediate cooling and reheating, reducing energy consumption by ∼30 %. Activation temperature (700–900 °C), carbonization temperature (300–500 °C), and activating agent concentration (volume ratio of activating

The removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater through adsorption is beneficial for both human health and the environment. Current adsorption materials often suffer from a small specific surface area and a single pore structure. In this study, cycad leaves were carbonized via vacuum high-temperature calcination and subsequently activated with KOH to obtain modified cycad leaf biochar (KBC). The activation with

Biomass derivative carbon materials (BDCMs) featuring excellent electrochemical activity have attracted considerable attention. However, papers on the application of BDCMs as conductive additives for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are rather limited. Herein, we successfully synthesized unique carbonized biomass pine needles (CPNs) with three-dimensional (3D) porous nitrogen-doped framework and abundant

Safe disposal and sustainable utilization of household food waste (HFW) has become a critical issue globally owing to the massive volume of generation and potential adverse environmental impacts. The inappropriate disposal and management of HFW contributes to the release of greenhouse gasses. Besides, there is an urgency to determine substitute sources of energy because of the fast diminution of fossil

Esterification of lactic acid is a key reaction for producing biodegradable polymers and solvents. In this study, a chlorosulfonic acid-functionalized Y zeolite (ClHSO3−Y) catalyst was developed using a simple excess impregnation method, yielding a mesoporous structure with enhanced acidity and stability. After functionalization, the mesoporous proportion of Y zeolite increased from 22 % to 60 %, improving

The effect of biochar (Bc) application on marginal soil fertility and growth of Miscanthus × giganteus (M × g) was investigated in a greenhouse-based short-term mesocosm experiment. Straw (SBc) and wood-based (WBc) biochars were added to poor class marginal soil (C = 0.5 %) in 5 volumetric ratios (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 15 % v/v). The composition and nanostructure of SBc and WBc were assessed in reference

Biomethane has drawn significant attention worldwide as one of the few ways to mitigate emissions from natural gas consumption. Spatial biomass assessments are crucial in attracting investors, yet current methods lack a process-oriented perspective for optimising biomethane production and project sustainability. This study introduces a novel process-oriented approach for high-resolution spatial biomass

This study investigates a sequential process using triticale straw (TSW) as a substrate, integrating acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation with in-situ butanol extraction, followed by oleaginous fermentation of the residual medium containing volatile fatty acids (VFAs) to produce single-cell oil (SCO). Using XAD-4 Amberlite adsorbent for in-situ ABE separation, the residual broth was converted

Woody biomass is being used as a clean energy source for heating and power generation to achieve carbon neutrality. However, owing to factors, such as tree species and harvesting age, the annual supply of woody biomass fluctuates significantly, creating challenges in optimizing the scale of biomass power plants. When woody biomass supply is excessive, waste occurs, and when it is insufficient, power

The sustainable management of biomass waste is a growing priority, problem of beachside waste (BSW) and its valorization potential remains underexplored. This study explored this gap by evaluating biochar produced from BSW as a partial replacement material in cement and geopolymer mortars for artificial reef applications. The carbonization process yielded 43.47 % of BSW char. Among the tested formulations

This study explores the synthesis and application of a novel CMZT-Nano Cat nanoconjugate, composed of Calcium oxide (CaO), Magnesium oxide (MgO), Zinc oxide (ZnO), and Titanium dioxide (TiO2) for Biodiesel production from Waste Cooking Oil (WCO). The synthesized nanoconjugate catalyst was thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray

This study investigates the anticorrosive properties of undoped, and zinc and nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots derived from spent coffee grounds referred to as CCDs and Zn,N-CCDs respectively, for the protection of Q235B steel corrosion in a 5 % HCl solution. The synthesized carbon quantum dots (CDs) were characterized using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential

This study aims to assess the risks arising from the firing of oil palm waste, rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis), and sengon wood (Albizia chinensis) that have different potential ash problems. These three biomasses were also mixed to determine the influence of each other. Material characterization, initial predictions using empirical calculations, lab scale combustion experiments using a drop tube

Shanxi bituminous coal (SBC) was subjected to mild oxidative cracking with aqueous hydrogen peroxide (AHPO)-acetic anhydride (AAH) in order to promote the clean and efficient utilization of coals, aligning with the objective of carbon neutrality. The total yields of oxidation products produced from sequential oxidation are 33.87 %, with the maximum yield of 16.40 % attaining at 2nd oxidation, and simultaneously

Waste materials with sufficient carbon substrate and deficient nitrogen content are optimal for microbial synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), particularly in an open fermentation model using piperazine as a nitrogen-based controlling element. This study evaluated the fermentation performance of different waste carbons (by-product sodium acetate, crude glycerol, and cane molasses) using a versatile

This study assesses the potential of biomass energy derived from municipal solid waste (MSW) in Türkiye, focusing on its contribution to the national energy portfolio and the circular economy. Türkiye, facing increasing energy demand and environmental challenges, has a growing need to diversify its energy sources. By utilizing MSW, the country can simultaneously address waste management issues and

As fuel production from microalgae continues to attract attention, development of a technology to recover value-added compounds from its by-product, namely lipid-extracted microalgae residue, is highly desired. This study investigated a process combining hot compressed water (HCW) treatment and membrane separation for the recovery of concentrated saccharides solution from low-lipid Chlorella vulgaris

This study explores the fabrication of Fe–N co-doped biochar (Fe–NAC) from waste balsa wood as an efficient catalyst for methane decomposition and as a precursor to functional carbon materials. Ferric nitrate and urea were used as the respective sources of iron and nitrogen. The Fe-NAC catalyst achieved 85 % methane conversion within 200 min at 800 °C, a 3.4-fold improvement over the parent biochar

Microalgae biomass shows notable promise as a liquid biofuel source with a lower carbon footprint. However, for large-scale commercialization, increasing lipid yield, especially by utilizing waste resources in a circular bioeconomy framework is critical to ensuring both efficiency and environmental sustainability. This study presents a novel approach to enhance sustainable biodiesel production from

Ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propylene glycol (1,2-PG) are very important chemicals that are produced mainly from fossil resources at present. Catalytic hydrogenolysis of biomass (such as cellulose and sugar alcohols) to diols has attracted much attention in recent years. However, compared to sugar alcohols, sugars such as xylose have been scarcely used for the production of EG and PG until now due

Rice straw, a byproduct of rice cultivation, is a significant agricultural biomass residue with limited uses. This study explores a novel process to utilize rice straw by converting it into bio-oil through direct thermal liquefaction. The choice of solvent is crucial in the liquefaction process. Therefore, this research investigates the direct thermal liquefaction of rice straw using three different

Ethyl levulinate is an oxygenated fuel derived from biomass, offering significant advantages in reducing engine emissions and enhancing performance. Therefore, deeply understanding its production technologies and practical engineering applications is essential for enhancing its use and scalability in clean energy systems. This paper examines ethyl levulinate market trends, economic viability, production

The pyrolysis of agricultural and forestry waste for biochar production is an effective method for resource utilization and carbon sequestration. The diversity of these wastes leads to variations in biochar properties, limiting its applications. In recent years, machine learning (ML) models have been developed to predict biochar properties. However, there is currently a lack of a generalized predictive

In this study, we introduce a sustainable, chemical-free method for synthesizing high-surface-area carbon materials by impregnating lignocellulosic biomass with biochar. This process enhances the surface area from 151 m2/g to 377 m2/g, representing a 2.4-fold increase, and achieves a CO2 adsorption capacity of approximately 37 mg/g. XRD analysis confirms the presence of amorphous carbon, silica, and

This study investigated co-gasification of municipal sludge (MS) and black liquor (BL) in supercritical water for hydrogen production and pollution handling. The influence of the blending ratio (0–100 %), alkali content of BL (10 %, 20 %), reaction time (5–40 min), reaction temperature (400–600 °C) and total concentration (5-20 wt%) was investigated through thermodynamic analysis and experimental study

Mesoporous aluminosilicate nanoparticles synthesized using metakaolin with Sapindus rarak (Spr) extract as a natural template were impregnated with 5 % NiO to convert waste cooking oil into green diesel. The Si/Al molar ratios of mesoporous aluminosilicate were varied from 30 to 60 to study the effect of acidity. NiO was well dispersed on the aluminosilicate, with sizes ranging from 12.5 to 16.6 nm

This issue covers the ExCo94 meeting and the associated Conference on "Bioenergy and Bioproducts: Accelerating the Transition Towards Sustainability", which were held in October 2024 in São Paulo, Brazil. It also features an article by IEA Bioenergy Task 36 (Waste and Circular Economy) on "Food Losses and Waste: A Global Challenge"

The pressing need to phase out fossil fuels requires the adoption of novel biofuels derived from alternative raw materials, known as advanced biofuels. Crude glycerol is considered a promising feedstock, satisfying several technical and environmental criteria. Coupled with certain socio-economic factors, this can facilitate the provision of sustainable biofuel solutions in developing regions, where

Hierarchical porous carbons (HPC) are effective in removing dyes and antibiotics from wastewater, but their production primarily relies on tedious, high-pollution, and costly template methods. Here, a facile and efficient two-step method was developed to prepare HPC from natural wood. The process involves alkaline pretreatment to form a porous and exposed natural structure, followed by CO2 activation

This study evaluated the feasibility of applying machine learning models to a laboratory dataset to predict the glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fiber based on its chemical composition. EFB samples were subjected to various water pretreatments before hydrolysis, and glucose yield was measured using HPLC. Multiple nonlinearities between chemical composition

pH regulation is a commonly used strategy to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) or methane (CH4) in anaerobic fermentation. However, the mechanism of such pH regulation with rumen microbes to produce SCFAs or CH4 are still unclear. Thus, this study explored the effects of dynamic pH (initial pH 7.0) and constant pH (7.0 and 10) regulation strategies on SCFA or CH4 production. Results showed that

In recent years, as the livestock industry has expanded, significant amounts of aquaculture wastewater and manure have been produced. Aquaculture wastewater is typically high in total nitrogen, contains hard-to-degrade organic compounds, and has a deep coloration, making it challenging for conventional biological treatment methods to achieve stable and effective results. To address these challenges

This study investigated the effects of oxygen concentration (0.5–10 %) during biochar production on its characteristics and capacity for sulfamethazine adsorption. The biochar was produced from cattle manure, which was either pretreated with ZnCl2 or left untreated, and subsequently pyrolyzed at different temperatures. Increasing oxygen concentration during pyrolysis led to biochar oxidation, which

In response to concerns over plastic waste, there has been a shift toward developing green plastics to reduce the environmental impact of petroleum-based materials. Advances in processing technology are key to converting biomass into bio-based monomers for sustainable biopolymers like green polyethylene and polypropylene. Renewable fats and oils, due to their wide availability, biodegradability, cost-effectiveness

This review introduces biomass resources in Taiwan. By focusing on agricultural and municipal solid waste, the impact of biomass energy is explored to strengthen renewable energy production capacity in Taiwan. The progress in biochemical conversion technologies such as anaerobic digestion and gasification that transform waste into bioenergy like biofuels and valuable by-products (e.g., biochar and

Wood pitch, a byproduct of bamboo and wood production, is a promising raw material for carbon substances because of its high carbon yield and aromatic structures. In this study, a green, solvent-free ball-milling method was employed to control the degree of oxidation of wood pitch by adjusting the milling time. The degree of oxidation degree was positively correlated with the milling time, reaching