We recently read an article by Lim TS et al. [1] published in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle entitled ‘Association Between Handgrip Strength and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in MASLD: A Prospective Study From UK Biobank.’ This study focused on an important health issue in the metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) population and attempted to predict cardiovascular

We recently had the pleasure of reviewing the systematic review by Dajani et al. [1], titled ‘Oncological and Survival Endpoints in Cancer Cachexia Clinical Trials: Systematic Review’. This work, the sixth in the Cachexia Endpoints Series, impressively synthesizes data from 57 trials involving 9743 patients, offering a comprehensive overview of oncological endpoints in cancer cachexia (CC) research

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the comments raised by Silva and Cipriano [1] regarding our recently published systematic review and meta-analysis on acute sarcopenia [2]. Constructive discussions such as this help clarify methodological considerations and enhance scientific understanding. Firstly, regarding knee extensor strength measurement, Silva and Cipriano [1] note that our review

We are writing in response to the comments by Kim [1] regarding our previous publication [2] in the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle (JCSM). In our original publication, we reported our experience in screening sarcopenia patients according to the Asian Working Group on Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 definition [3]. During the course of the study, we realized that using the BIA in community settings

Parkinson's disease (PD) increases fracture risk owing to postural instability and bone fragility, with femur fractures being the most frequent and clinically significant. Many patients with PD experience weight loss as the disease progresses, and low body mass index (BMI) is a well-established fracture risk factor. However, the relationship between longitudinal BMI changes and femur fracture risk

While multidomain interventions show promise for promoting healthy aging, their impact on brain structure remains unclear. This randomized controlled trial (ENHANCE) assessed the efficacy of a 12-month group-based multidomain intervention on brain structure and function in community-dwelling older adults, with particular attention to urban–rural disparities.

We read with great interest the recent longitudinal study by Hendrickse et al., which examined changes in muscle morphology and performance in Masters sprinters over a 10-year period [1]. The authors found preserved muscle histology yet a significant decline in functional outcomes such as sprint time and jump power. While this is an important contribution to our understanding of ageing muscle, we would

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] may enhance skeletal muscle metabolism and increase muscle mass through activation of vitamin D receptor pathways, reduction of oxidative stress and mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence. However, due to inherent limitations associated with traditional observational studies, previous findings remain inconsistent. Mendelian randomization

Sarcopenia is defined as the loss of muscle mass, strength, and/or performance. It is strongly associated with all-cause mortality. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is markedly elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease, especially those receiving maintenance dialysis. FGF23 has previously been shown to have a direct role in cardiac dysfunction mediated through left ventricular hypertrophy

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with exercise intolerance, accompanied by alterations in the peripheral skeletal muscle (SKM). We have recently shown that titin, a giant sarcomere protein, is hyperphosphorylated in HFpEF. MuRF1 is a muscle-specific ubiquitin E3-ligase that interacts with titin. Blocking this interaction via small molecules (MyoMed205) can improve

The causal relationship between cognitive impairment and functional decline seems bidirectional in older adults. This study aimed to determine the moderating effect of handgrip strength on the relationship between cognition and functional independence among Brazilian nonagenarians and centenarians.

Ageing is commonly associated with a decrease in muscle strength, which is largely linked to decreases in skeletal muscle mass (SMM). The rate of the age-related decline in muscle strength is different from the rate of the age-related decline in SMM. Current estimation methods for SMM, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), evaluate both intracellular and

Sarcopenia represents a major clinical and societal challenge facing rapidly aging populations. Accessible and specific biomarkers represent valuable tools, both in diagnosis and assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. C-terminal agrin fragment (CAF) is the most commonly used blood-based biomarker of neuromuscular junction degradation in aging, inactivity and disease, but large unexplained

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway and its bone-specific inhibitor, sclerostin, play important roles in skeletal development and homeostasis. The humanized sclerostin antibody, romosozumab, can significantly increase bone mineral density (BMD) of patients with osteoporosis, but it may also increase cardiovascular adverse events, particularly in male patients. We try to investigate the effects of novel aptamers

Muscle strength, mass and function have been associated with falls, fractures and mortality, but the results vary between previous studies. We aimed to investigate the predictive ability of muscle strength and mass with 10-year incident fragility fractures.

White matter hyperintensity (WMH) is one of the key imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and white matter microstructural injury may occur earlier than WMH. However, the associations of handgrip strength (HGS) and serum total testosterone (STT) with WMH and microstructural injury have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore the associations of HGS and STT

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) increases the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in patients with prostate cancer. ADT can induce body composition change; however, the association between body composition change and cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the association between ADT-induced body composition change and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with prostate

Skeletal muscle atrophy and insulin resistance (IR) aggravate each other. Vitamin K2 (VK2) exhibits beneficial effects on IR, but whether it improves IR associated skeletal muscle atrophy remains insufficiently understood. This study aims to investigate the effects of VK2 on IR associated skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet (HFD) mice and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and explore the

Effective treatments for skeletal muscle atrophy, a debilitating condition linked to ageing and glucocorticoid therapy, remain lacking. Zinc finger BED-type containing 6 (ZBED6), a transcriptional repressor, enhances muscle growth and protects against sepsis-induced atrophy, but its role in ageing- and dexamethasone (Dex)-induced muscle atrophy remains unknown. This study investigated the protective

Objectives To investigate challenges associated with mental health help-seeking among Olympic and Paralympic coaches. The study also sought to identify which challenges were most important and feasible to address. Methods The study employed a mixed-methods group concept mapping methodology. Participants brainstormed, sorted (into groups) and rated (for importance and feasibility) statements on 5-point

Pelvic floor health is recognised as one of the 10 domains of female athlete health that should be included in illness and injury surveillance.1 However, pelvic floor health and dysfunction are not typically covered within sport and exercise medicine (SEM) training. Consequently, many females report not being asked about their pelvic health, and athletes, in particular, report being unlikely to disclose

Objective The aims of this study, which uses a trial within a cohort design, were to determine the efficacy of a web-based intervention to increase moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) and decrease sedentary behaviour in cancer survivors. Methods Participants (n=415) in this trial were randomised 2:1 to an interactive physical activity website or a static balance and flexibility

Despite being an avid sportsman growing up, injuries and illnesses were never really something I encountered. I acquired nicknames such as ‘Roy Keane’ when I played football and ‘McCarry’ when I played rugby. These nicknames usually arose from my love for getting stuck in and putting my body in places most wouldn’t. At age 20, my whole life changed. Without warning, I collapsed on 3 June 2017, later

The link between health and physical activity has been enshrined in medical lore since ancient times. Over 2000 years ago, practitioners in India, China, Greece and the Roman Empire espoused the importance of exercise for the maintenance and restoration of health.1 In the centuries that followed, the writings of Hippocrates and Galen centralised the role of physical activity in healthcare, a mantra

By 2050, there will be two billion people in the world aged over 60. Such population ageing will inevitably lead to increases in the prevalence of chronic diseases and healthcare burdens. In the UK alone, over 17 million people live with one or more chronic conditions, taking up 50% of all general practitioner appointments and 70% of the UK’s (c. £200 billion) health and care budget. Finding cost-effective

Have you ever encountered an athlete who suddenly shouts out or someone who seems disengaged? What was your initial reaction? Did you assume the athlete was being offensive or underperforming that day? Or did you wonder whether they might be neurodiverse? Neurodiversity refers to the natural variations in the human brain that influence how people process information, communicate and engage with their

Historically, much of the research in exercise science and sports medicine has collected, reported and discussed sex and gender as synonymous and interchangeable. This conflation has hindered scientific progress, limiting our understanding and potentially reinforcing social biases through poorly framed research questions, flawed methodological designs and misinterpretations of findings related to sex

Despite a renaissance in menopause awareness, the over-medicalisation of women’s midlife health threatens to eclipse foundational interventions like physical activity. Menopause is a pivotal milestone in the female lifespan, marked by important physiological, psychological and musculoskeletal changes. While ‘menopause’, by definition, is a point in time, the perimenopause and postmenopause stages vary

Objectives To describe age-related differences in the absolute and relative intensity of physical activity (PA) and associations with mortality. Methods UK Biobank participants with accelerometer-assessed PA (m g ) and fitness data (N=11 463; age: 43–76 years) were included. The intensity distribution of PA was expressed in absolute and relative terms. The outcome was mortality. Results PA volume (average

Objectives To investigate associations between daily physical activity, activity intensity and step counts with incident cancer risk. Methods Prospective analysis of UK Biobank participants who wore wrist-based accelerometers for 7 days, followed for cancer incidence (mean follow-up 5.8 years, SD 1.3). Time-series machine-learning models derived total physical activity, sedentary behaviour (SB), light-intensity

Objective To assess the impact of depression and physical activity (PA) of different intensities on the incidence of heart disease. Methods A prospective cohort study with 20 645 European middle-aged and older adults (mean baseline age 63 years; 55.1% women; median follow-up 9.5 years) was conducted using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. The EURO-D 12-item scale assessed

Objective To synthesise data on the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and health in children and adolescents, evaluate the certainty of evidence and identify knowledge gaps. Design An overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. Results were pooled using forest plots and certainty of evidence evaluated with GRADE. Data sources Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus

Objective To evaluate systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function across all populations and ages. Methods Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of RCTs evaluating the effects of exercise on general cognition, memory and executive function were eligible. Data extraction and risk of bias scoring were conducted

The primary focus of my PhD research was to investigate the relationship between physical exercise and lung function, with a particular emphasis on imaging radiomic features derived from quantitative CT (qCT). My study aimed to uncover how different levels and intensities of physical exercise influence lung structural and functional parameters, as quantified by advanced radiomic analysis. Specifically

Je Bouge Pour Mon Moral is a French not-for-profit organisation founded in 2021. It is dedicated to supporting individuals suffering from mental health disorders through regular physical activity. The organisation aims to improve the mental well-being of its participants by combining exercise and social connection. Mental health is a major issue in France, affecting 13 million people each year. In

The second edition of the Kabaddi World Cup, held in the West Midlands, England, from 17 March 2025 to 23 March 2025, showcased the thrilling sport of kabaddi on a global stage. This event not only highlighted the athletic talent of participants from around the world but also highlighted the crucial role of sports therapists in safeguarding the athlete’s health and performance. Coventry University

Background: Synovial fluid (SF) biomarkers demonstrate time-dependent variation after acute knee injury, and it is postulated that persistently elevated inflammatory markers may mediate worse long-term outcomes. Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between biomarkers in SF at the time of meniscectomy and long-term patient-reported outcomes in patients with acute versus chronic meniscal

Background: Whether the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as an adjuvant to extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) repair in recalcitrant lateral epicondylitis (RLE) promotes tendon healing and improves clinical outcomes remains unclear. Purpose: To evaluate the tendon healing and clinical outcomes of arthroscopic ECRB repair combined with PRP injection and compared with arthroscopic ECRB repair alone

Cognitive function, encompassing essential processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, thinking and executive function, is fundamental to daily life. It drives individual development by enhancing academic achievement and mitigating cognitive decline,1 while also fueling societal progress through improvements in education, productivity and economic outcomes.2 Even transient cognitive

Background: The outcomes of surgical repair for traumatic avulsions of the pyramidalis, anterior pubic ligament, adductor longus complex (PLAC) remain unknown. Purpose: To report how surgical repair for PLAC injuries in professional athletes affected return to preinjury level of sporting activity, injury recurrence, patient satisfaction, functional performance, and complications. Study Design: Case

Background: Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) techniques represent a promising method to enhance the surgical repair of rotator cuff tears. To eliminate the resource-intensive process of cell isolation and culture expansion, a method to recruit endogenous MSCs was investigated in an established rat model of rotator cuff repair. Hypothesis: MSCs can be pharmacologically mobilized from the peripheral blood

Background: While both short- and long-term outcomes after hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) have been reported, the predictive relationship between the two has yet to be established. Purpose: To determine whether the degree of improvement in patient-reported outcomes observed at 1 year postoperatively predicts long-term outcomes at 10 years after primary hip arthroscopy

BACKGROUND Osgood-Schlatter has, until recently, been suggested to be a benign condition, affecting adolescents in terms of knee pain and decreased sports participation during growth, with no long-term consequences seen later in adulthood. OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to describe the long-term knee health in adults with a history of Osgood-Schlatter, compare these findings with healthy

Preparticipation screening, including history, physical examination and often a 12-lead ECG, aims to identify athletes with structural and/or arrhythmic cardiovascular conditions that may increase the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD).1 Importantly, there is often a diagnostic ‘grey zone’ between findings reflective of exercise-induced cardiac remodelling versus true high-risk pathology, highlighting

The desire to enhance athletic performance drives research into potential ergogenic aids. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colourless, odourless and poisonous gas that is difficult to detect, making it known as the ‘silent killer’.1 Despite its toxicity, CO has found varied applications in medicine and sport.2–9 Although CO can serve as a tool for monitoring performance gains through the measurement of haemoglobin

Sudden cardiac death is the leading medical cause of death among football players. Determining the optimal cardiac screening, the use of carefully selected medical assessments to detect underlying cardiovascular conditions associated with sudden cardiac arrest/death, is a desired objective of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) for football players of all ages. To date, cardiac

Objective To evaluate the psychological reactions, perceptions and opinions of cardiovascular preparticipation screening (PPS) among young competitive athletes. Methods This convergent parallel mixed-methods study recruited 222 athletes (mean age: 18.7 years) who underwent PPS at a Canadian university. All athletes completed a cardiovascular history questionnaire, and a subgroup (n=165) additionally

Objectives Physical activity (PA) provides protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic heart disease. However, recommending moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) to patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) raises concerns owing to potential risk of recurrent ACS or fatal arrhythmias. This study investigated the association between longitudinal PA changes following an

Objective Energy-saving sedentary behaviour may be an evolutionarily selected trait that is no longer advantageous. We investigated the associations between genetic liability to sedentary behaviour and the incidence of the most common cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods We constructed and validated a genome-wide polygenic score for leisure screen time (PGS LST) as a measure of genetic liability to

Objective To compare physical activity (PA) over midlife between (1) former collegiate athletes and non-athletes and (2) among athletes in different sports. Methods The Harvard Alumni Health Study (HAHS) is a prospective cohort study of male undergraduates who completed serial questionnaires regarding PA and health status between 1962 and 1993. PA was categorised by intensity (<3 METs, light; 3 to

Objective To synthesise the existing literature relating to barriers and enablers encountered by elite athletes during preconception and pregnancy for the purpose of identifying key recommendations and actionable steps to inform the development of pregnancy guidelines to support preconception and pregnancy in national sporting organisations. Design Mixed-methods systematic review with thematic analysis

An adolescent athlete presented with chest pain and elevated troponin (troponin T level of 2038 ng/L (normal range <10 ng/L)). Viral swabs, including COVID-19 screening, were negative. The 12-lead ECG demonstrated T-wave inversion with preceding convex ST-elevation in leads V3-V5, I and aVL (figure 1A). Following cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, a diagnosis of myocarditis was confirmed, and

I investigated how physical exercise influences esports performance and examined fundamental issues in esports development through five interconnected studies. This research focused on establishing standardised terminology, analysing health impacts, exploring gender participation patterns and evaluating the effectiveness of structured exercise programmes in enhancing competitive gaming performance

Background: Medial closing wedge distal femoral osteotomy (CWDFO) is used to correct valgus deformities and manage lateral osteoarthritis (OA) and patellar dislocation (PD). However, its effect on the tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance remains debated, with limited studies evaluating contributing factors. Purpose: To determine whether TT-TG distance changes after CWDFO differ by the

Resistance training (RT) is widely regarded as the gold standard approach for enhancing muscular fitness (i.e., muscle strength, power, and muscular endurance) in youth while also providing health and physical fitness benefits traditionally associated with aerobic training (e.g., enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, reduced body fat, improved insulin sensitivity). Additionally, while bone health can

Background: Recent literature has shown that inferior Hill-Sachs extension for on-track shoulders is predictive of recurrent instability after arthroscopic Bankart repair alone. Specifically, there is a high risk for recurrent instability when the lesion extends below the humeral equator on sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. This worrisome inferior extension has been termed “critical humeral bone

Objective To investigate the association between sprint running biomechanics and sprint-related hamstring strain injury (HSI) in elite male football players. Methods This prospective cohort study recruited 126 professional male football players from eight clubs in the English football league, who were followed across a 6-month period. Maximal velocity sprint running videos (240 fps) were collected

Background: Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AASs) are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that are abused by athletes to enhance their physical appearance and performance. AAS abusers have an increased risk of tendon ruptures compared with nonusers, and it has been proposed that AASs damage tendon tissue. Only a few human studies have investigated the effect of AASs on tendon tissue, and to our knowledge