The global HIV response faces a crisis as abrupt funding cuts, particularly from the USA, threaten decades of progress. Governments across Africa report widespread disruptions in essential services, including HIV testing, treatment, and prevention. Reliance on previously stable partnerships and external funding has left many programmes vulnerable to sudden financial shock. Achieving self-reliance will

Tuberculosis preventive treatment with 3 months of once-weekly isoniazid (900 mg) and rifapentine (900 mg; 3HP) is a recommended option for people with HIV; among adults with virological suppression, the 3HP regimen given with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) is safe and maintained virological suppression. The DOLPHIN-TOO study assessed safety, dolutegravir pharmacokinetics, and virological

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major cause of chronic liver disease among people living with HIV, and preliminary evidence shows that lifestyle modification can reduce liver fat in people living with HIV with MASLD. We aimed to assess a dietitian-led lifestyle modification programme in inducing resolution of MASLD in this population.

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief supported oral caregiver-assisted HIV self-testing (CG-HIVST) to address the gap in HIV diagnosis of children. We aimed to investigate caregiver uptake, results return, acceptability, and potential social harms of CG-HIVST. METHODS This prospective, interventional, study was done at 32 health facilities in Uganda

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is an important comorbidity in people ageing with HIV. Over-representation of classic risk factors such as smoking, and other factors such as HIV infection and its therapy, which are exclusive to people with HIV, are responsible for the increased risk of developing ASCVD. The tools to estimate risk, including Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 (SCORE2)

Homelessness is a global problem with wide-ranging causes and contexts. People experiencing homelessness and unstable housing (HUH) are disproportionately affected by HIV and face worse treatment outcomes than those with stable housing due to multiple complex barriers to care. Even in settings with universal health coverage, access to HIV prevention and treatment services remains insufficient for people

Despite the efforts to prevent vertical transmission of HIV, about 130 000 children worldwide acquire HIV each year, and 40% of those remain undiagnosed. Many factors contribute to this poor outcome including, but not limited to, failure to identify mothers seroconverting during pregnancy or postpartum, suboptimal early infant diagnosis, misinterpretation of negative test results in children before

Before introduction of anthelmintic treatment programmes in southwest Tanzania, our group described a 2·3-fold increase in HIV incidence among adults infected with the helminth Wuchereria bancrofti. Between 2007 and 2011, HIV incidence was 1·91 cases per 100 person-years in people with a W bancrofti infection and 0·80 cases per 100 person-years in those without the infection. We aimed to examine the

BACKGROUND Given the pleiotropic effects of statins beyond lipid-lowering, statins might positively impact other, non-cardiovascular diseases (non-CVDs). In this study, we prospectively assessed statin effects on non-CVD events and their incidence among people with HIV globally. METHODS The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02344290) was a randomised

Transgender, non-binary, and gender diverse (trans) populations are burdened by the risk of HIV acquisition. Achieving global UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets by 2030 among trans populations requires conceptual frameworks to understand HIV epidemic drivers and optimise effective strategies to curb HIV inequities in trans populations. The Situated Vulnerabilities and Resiliencies Framework describes and explains

Gender-affirming hormone therapy is medically necessary for many transgender, non-binary, and gender-diverse (trans) individuals and might improve HIV clinical outcomes for trans people. This study evaluated gender-affirming hormone therapy delivered in primary care as an intervention to improve HIV outcomes for trans adults in the USA.

International funding for HIV has been crucial in reducing new HIV transmissions and deaths. Five countries providing over 90% of international HIV funding have announced reductions in international aid of between 8% and 70% between 2025 and 2026, with the US Government pausing aid with immediate effect on Jan 20, 2025. We investigated the potential impact of these funding reductions on HIV incidence

Despite improved access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-related morbidity and mortality remain high. A previous review (2007–14) found that AIDS-related illnesses were the leading causes of hospitalisations. We aimed to summarise the causes of hospitalisations among people living with HIV from 2014 to 2023.

Over the past 80 years, tuberculosis treatment has evolved with the development of all-oral treatments, which are now given for 4–6 months for drug-sensitive tuberculosis and 6–9 months for drug-resistant tuberculosis. Treatment success is often reduced among people with HIV due to an interplay of factors, including immune dysregulation, lower drug concentrations, complexities of cotreatment (eg, high

Long-acting formulations of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) appear particularly well suited to adolescents. We aimed to establish the safety, tolerability, and acceptability of long-acting injectable cabotegravir as PrEP in cisgender adolescent girls.

The advent of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased the lifespan of many people living with HIV. As a result, cancers driven by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have emerged as an increasingly important cause of mortality in this population. The complex interplay between HIV and HPV necessitates a deep understanding of the HPV-related cancer burden in people living with

BACKGROUND Long-acting cabotegravir and long-acting rilpivirine constitute a completely intramuscular antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen for adults with HIV. We aimed to assess the safety, antiviral activity, and pharmacokinetics of oral cabotegravir and rilpivirine followed by a combination of long-acting cabotegravir and long-acting rilpivirine in virologically suppressed adolescents with HIV.

Data on the safety and pharmacokinetics of dolutegravir in children with HIV and tuberculosis are scarce. We aimed to determine the pharmacokinetics and safety of dolutegravir 50 mg twice daily in children receiving rifampicin, and to predict exposures for once-daily dolutegravir with rifampicin.

ODYSSEY showed superior efficacy for dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) versus standard of care (SOC) in children living with HIV starting first-line or second-line ART aged 4 weeks or older. Here, we aim to compare virological outcomes and resistance in the dolutegravir group versus SOC for first-line and second-line ART up to 96 weeks.

An individual's HIV risk, and consequently their HIV prevention needs, change over time. In this study we aimed to quantify these changes, examine which life-course events were associated with them, and investigate the extent to which those life-course events were associated with HIV acquisition.

In 2021, WHO recommended dapivirine vaginal rings (DVRs) for HIV prevention, but noted evidence gaps for breastfeeding populations. This trial aimed to describe safety profiles associated with DVRs and oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use during breastfeeding and to summarise study-drug quantification and concentrations for mothers and infants.

Australia has seen a steady decline in HIV notifications since 2013 and has one of the fastest declining rates of HIV transmission in the world. Australia is now in a globally unique position to plan for a near future of virtual elimination of HIV transmission. Through community involvement for every stage of this Delphi consensus process, we ensured the statements drafted reflect the needs of the