Both root system architecture (RSA) and localized P application near the roots play significant roles in sustainable P management in agriculture. However, the interplay between RSA and localized P application remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate their interaction for lowland rice production.

Diversifying crops and reducing tillage can enhance the environmental health of agroecosystems, consequently improving crop performance over time. We report data from the Triplett-Van Doren No-Tillage and Crop Rotation Experiment, one of the longest-running replicated agricultural experiments in the United States, to evaluate the impact of no-tillage and crop rotation on corn and soybean yields over

Plant intercropping has emerged as a prevalent strategy for remediating cadmium (Cd) contaminated farmland, though its synergistic application with soil amendments remains underexplored, especially in aquatic ecosystems. This study examined how industrial by-product amendments and intercropping with high-Cd (Cho-ko-koku) and low-Cd rice (C-772) cultivars influenced Cd accumulation and yield. The results

In semi-arid regions, erratic rainfall and water losses through percolation are causing low yields of rainfed maize (Zea mays L.) grown on sandy soils. This study evaluated the effects of soil moisture management and different plant densities across four cropping seasons on rainfed maize performance. The study was conducted on a smallholder farm with sandy soils in a semi-arid district of Mutare, Zimbabwe

Excessive precipitation can reduce crop yields and threaten global food security. Optimizing field management practices to decrease soil moisture levels under excessive precipitation regions is crucial for minimizing yield losses.

Biofertilizers contain active microorganisms and plant growth-regulating compounds and contribute to the improvement of soil microbial communities and the promotion of crop yields. However, the impact of biofertilizers (containing Bacillus subtilis) on microbial communities, nitrogen cycling, and cotton yields under varying irrigation salinity remains unclear.

Rainfed maize in China is essential for global food security. Efforts to develop sustainable pathways for improving rainfed maize yield necessitate a comprehensive understanding of the magnitude and causes of its yield gap. However, isolating and quantifying the multitude of causes behind the yield gap poses a significant challenge.

Global warming strongly influences rice quality, and despite numerous studies attempting to clarify its effects, individual experiments often demonstrate contradictory outcomes. A comprehensive evaluation of the impacts of global warming on rice quality has remained elusive.

Oat (Avena sativa L.) serves as a crucial forage crop, but its production in arid regions, particularly in the Hexi Corridor of Northwest China, is often constrained by inefficient nitrogen (N) use and low quality. Over-application of N and inconsistent mowing schedules contribute to low N use efficiency (NUE) and suboptimal aboveground dry matter and quality.

Deterioration of soil physico–chemical properties as a result of puddling, overexploitation of groundwater and labor scarcity are the major challenges for farmers in the Indo-Gangetic plains.

Field irrigation-fertilizer management is crucial for ensuring crop production and balancing agricultural ecosystem. By the calibrated crop model, the suitable water-fertilizer application schedule was chosen from pre-set field management scenarios. However, the optimized irrigation-fertilizer application schedule may not be applicable due to limited pre-set scenarios. Thus, this study proposed a

Waterlogging is an environmental stress that significantly impairs cotton productivity by disrupting key physiological processes and accelerating leaf senescence. Removal of early fruits (squares, flowers and bolls) has been identified as a potential agronomic practice to enhance compensatory growth and delay senescence in cotton. However, it remains unclear whether this practice can be employed to

Lodging is an important limiting factor for increasing yield and quality in direct-seeded rice (DSR) production. Optimizing crop plant types and the light environment within the canopy are crucial for improving lodging-related traits, and increasing yield. It is imperative to thoroughly investigate the correlation between basal internodes strength of DSR and canopy structure needs to be studied in

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] is an important legume crop in sub-Saharan Africa where its grain and fodder are valued for food and feed. Grain yields are, however, low due to several biotic and abiotic constraints. Several improved stress-tolerant varieties and complementary agronomic management technologies have been developed to enhance its productivity and sustainability. Cropping simulation

Straw return (SR) is an effective resource recycling practice that improves soil properties by providing essential nutrients and organic matter, while also reducing agricultural waste. However, emerging evidence indicates that SR enhances the bioavailability of metals (e.g., Cd and Hg) in soils and crops, potentially threatening food safety and sustainable agriculture. Nevertheless, this conclusion

Declines in atmospheric sulfur (S) deposition and S removal through cropping have increased response to S fertilization in many crops. Yet, responses to S fertilization by corn (Zea mays L.) have been inconsistent.

Intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium; IWG) is a perennial, cool-season grass undergoing domestication as a grain and forage crop. Intercropping perennial legumes with IWG could reduce synthetic N fertilizer inputs, improve forage quality, and provide pollinator resources. However, legumes may also compete with IWG for resources, the extent to which may depend on traits associated with legume

The Argentinean Pampas face high soil nutrient mining rates that threaten soil quality and future crop production. Phosphorus (P) depletion is closely associated to soybean, which has increased the interest on soybean P management.

Integrating crops with well-managed livestock has been proposed to increase the whole agricultural system's productivity. However, the management of fertilization to better take advantage of the animal's potential to recycle nutrients has been little studied.

A growing number of field studies have investigated the effect of nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes, yet the N fertilization impacts on GHG fluxes in soil profile and its influencing factors remain unclear.

Intercropping is a crop diversification strategy that enhances the sustainability of agricultural production systems by delivering a range of ecosystem services. It minimizes the risk of crop failure and increases land-use efficiency. However, limited knowledge exists about the varieties and traits that can enhance the performance of cereal/legume intercropping systems.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks as the fourth most important food crop after rice, wheat, and maize. In the literature, models have been developed to predict potato yield evolution due to climate change, projecting a decrease in production across various regions. This study was conducted on field data collected over 31 years in five contrasting sites in the Western Alps, Switzerland. Results show

Farmyard manure (FYM) is an important nutrient resource for smallholder rice farmers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, optimal strategies for consecutive FYM application or its combination with mineral fertilizers on low-nutrient soils remain unclear.

Global climate change is driving the temperature increase, which often reduces crop production. Most of the temperature increase studies in rapeseed have been conducted under controlled conditions, limiting their results to true field conditions.

The benefits of legume-cereal rotations relative to cereal monocultures are generally known, but quantification of the rotational effect in terms of grain yield and mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer replacement value (NFRV) is lacking.

Developing sustainable cultural practices that enhance soybean (Glycine max L. (Merr.)) productivity and seed protein concentration is critical. Previous research conducted during 2019 and 2020 (Fayetteville, Arkansas; Lexington, Kentucky; and St. Paul, Minnesota) found a significant effect of winter rotation (fallow vs. cereal cover crop with residue removed, CC) and N fertilizer applications during

Genetic gain studies addressing parts of the history of sunflower breeding in Argentina (1931–2024) have been published, but many gaps remain.

Climate change and increasing drought conditions severely impact maize productivity in semi-arid regions. In this context, the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offers a promising solution to enhance crop resilience. Despite of their potential, the synergistic effects of AM fungi and PGPR on plant growth, particularly regarding phytohormone

Tiller growth and development are crucial determinants of grain yields in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, the impacts of tiller internode structures associated with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) partitioning underlying tiller development and the ultimate yield have not yet been fully elucidated.

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient for human health, but its deficiency is widespread due to low concentrations in staple crops like common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Enhancing the Se content of wheat grains through foliar application can help address dietary deficiencies while maintaining crop yield and quality.

Sustainable soil management is crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change and intensive farming in the Eastern Indo-Gangetic Plains (EIGPs). Rice-based cropping systems dominate the region, but their long-term viability depends on optimizing nutrient management scenario to enhance productivity, economic efficiency, and soil health.

The potential magnitude of agronomic yield gain through management is rarely explored at the field scale. Increasing yield through greater use of inputs without considering local potential yield may pose environmental and economic risks.

Real-time monitoring of essential nutrient status is crucial for improving fertilizer efficiency and enhancing crop productivity. Hyperspectral and multispectral remote sensing provide effective, non-invasive tools for estimating crop leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content (LNC, LPC, and LKC). Therefore, a comprehensive evaluation of these technologies is needed.

Intensive maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation in Mediterranean irrigated systems has led to soil degradation and excessive nitrogen (N) accumulation, increasing the risk of environmental contamination. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a perennial legume with low input requirements, offers a sustainable alternative that can improve soil structure and reduce residual N. However, limited research has assessed

The associations among soil health, management practices, and environmental conditions are complex, and research often focuses on specific practices or regional contexts. This have led to varying results regarding which soil health parameters are most influential for soybean yield.

The optimal allocation of planting density and nitrogen (N) fertilization is crucial for enhancing maize yield. However, the mechanisms involved in increasing planting density and optimizing N fertilizer application on regulating root morphology and hormone secretion, coordinating root-shoot relationships to improve yield remain unclear.

Straw strip-mulching can improve soil water efficiency but the effects of mulching patterns has not been determined for dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. The conventional practice of sowing with no mulch (CK) was compared in the four cropping seasons from 2015 to 2019 with four straw strip-mulching patterns (SSM3, SSM4, SSM5 and SSM6 corresponding to 59, 50, 42, and 37 % of the

Crop yield losses due to plant stand reductions are well documented in field corn (dent type), but there is little information specific to popcorn’s yield losses. Current efforts to assess yield loss from stand reductions in popcorn rely on data generated on field corn genetics (dent type) which are not necessarily representative of popcorn genetics.

Wheat is an essential food crop, and precise simulations and feedback mechanisms during its growth are crucial for advancing the intelligence of wheat production systems.

The application of nitrification inhibitors (NIs) is considered an efficient measure for reducing N2O emission; however, it increases NH3 volatilization from paddy fields, which may be resolved by the application of Azolla.

Establishing a universal critical nitrogen dilution curve (CNDC) is essential for diagnosing crop nitrogen (N) status at a regional scale. This study aims to develop a universal CNDC based on aboveground biomass (AGB) under high-yield conditions for drip-irrigated spring maize in Xinjiang and to assess parameter uncertainty across different cultivars and regions. Field experiments were conducted at

Plastic film mulching (PM) is a widely adopted technique for enhancing crop yield in arid and semiarid regions. However, the improved soil hydrothermal conditions under PM may accelerate the mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC) and increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Concurrently, crop stubble return, while widely recognized for its benefits in improving soil properties and mitigating GHG

Future climate change poses substantial challenges to food production systems. Identifying the future climate change trends in the Guanzhong Plain and developing optimal high yield and efficiency farmland management strategies for summer maize under future climatic conditions are crucial for safeguarding China’s food security.

Smallholder farming in Tanzania centres predominantly on maize as the staple crop, integrated with grain legumes. Technologies like mineral fertilisers and rhizobial inoculants can enhance legume yields and overall farm production, yet their adoption remains limited.

Soybean is a major leguminous crop, providing protein and oil for food and feed in China. In Northeast China, a primary soybean-producing region, soybean yield have substantially increased over the past century, largerly attributed to plant breeding advancements. However, the evolution of agronomic traits and the physiological mechanisms underlying these genetic gains remain inadequately researched

Alternate wetting-drying (AWD) combined with controlled-release/stable fertilizers demonstrate promising potential for enhancing rice yield and N uptake. However, current research paradigms predominantly focus on inorganic N, while the critical role of soil organic N (ON) utilization within rice-microbe-soil continuum remains unexplored.

At present, stem lodging remains a key factor that limits further increases wheat yields, where it is attributed to the reduce mechanical strength of plant stems in the population due to low light during high-yield cultivation. The accumulation of lignin in the stem directly determines its mechanical properties. However, the mechanism associated with the effects of low light restriction on lignin metabolism

In Xinjiang, the primary cotton-producing region of China, water scarcity and soil salinity challenge sustainable agriculture. While drip irrigation enhances water efficiency, it is inadequate for effective salinity management, making the integration of drip irrigation with leaching a promising strategy. However, the optimal irrigation management of this integrated approach to simultaneously control

To address the issue of freshwater scarcity for agricultural irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions, saline water and reclaimed water have great potential as alternative irrigation water. Therefore, a three-year field study was conducted in the Yinbei Irrigation District of Ningxia, China, to investigate the effects of alternate drip irrigation using freshwater (F), saline water (S) and reclaimed

Understanding the long-term effects of organic material application on soil structure and organic matter dynamics is important for sustainable agriculture. We investigate interactions between organic materials, soil aggregates, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and crop yield after long-term (34-year) experimental field conditions. The effects of fertilization regimes on soil aggregates, DOM characteristics

Ratoon rice is recognized as a sustainable and efficient method for low-input rice production. Improving the yield of the ratoon crop (RC) was the key to ensuring high yields in the ratoon rice system. Agricultural management practices (AMPs) have the potential to enhance the yield of RC in ratoon rice systems.

Oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), an annual plant in the Linaceae family, is a significant oil crop cultivated in the high-altitude arid regions of China. Until now, the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model has not been used to simulate the growth of flax. This study aims to develop a new flax model for DSSAT, based on field data collected from 2020 to 2023 in the

Cover cropping may improve soil fertility, nutrient cycling, and soil carbon (C) stocks, yet its effects on nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions and soil greenhouse gas balances remain unclear. The impact of cover crop species and mixtures varies over time, requiring further study.

Assessing crop nitrogen (N) status is essential for optimizing fertilizer N inputs for maize (Zea mays L.) crop and reducing the environmental footprint of this practice. The Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) offers a promising method for improved in-season N diagnosis and management. However, there is a need to identify the different types of in-season responses for the relative yield (RY) to NNI (RY-NNI)

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major staple crop worldwide. Yet, its grain yield is frequently constrained by lodging, which disrupts the canopy structure, reduces photosynthetic efficiency, lowers grain quality, and hampers mechanical harvesting. The application of plant growth regulators (PGRs) can mitigate lodging risks; however, the individual use of uniconazole and prohexadione-calcium presents certain

Optimizing agronomic management is crucial for improving soil fertility, crop growth, and resource efficiency. However, the interactions between precision irrigation, organic amendments, and straw incorporation in salinized soil remain underexplored.

Accurate monitoring of crop nitrogen status is the premise of precise nitrogen application. However, there is a lack of general diagnostic approach for the nitrogen status of oilseed flax, and the mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer managements influencing oilseed flax grain yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (aNUE) is still unclear.

East African farmers and researchers are sharing a renewed interest in Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet, a multipurpose leguminous cover crop. Lablab can produce food and fodder, fix nitrogen, scavenge resources, protect the soil, and tolerate drought. To capitalize on its potential, lablab requires more research into its basic agronomy, particularly under intercropping situations in which it is usually

Process-based crop models are widely used to simulate the crop growth process. However, these models face limitations due to the simplified process representation and challenges in parameter estimation. Machine learning methods, as an emerging paradigm, have shown potential in circumventing these limitations, but they are criticized for their black-box nature that does not necessarily encompass known

The black soil area located in northeast China is one of the four major black soil areas in the world, with developed agriculture. Due to the long-term intensive utilization of cultivated land and low nutrient input, the deterioration of soil and water resources in cultivated land is accelerated, which challenges the carrying capacity of cultivated land and water resources for grain production. However