Forests in permafrost regions are particularly sensitive to hydroclimatic changes. To investigate tree responses to climatic and hydrological changes in hemi-boreal forests of Northeast China, we collected 405 tree-ring cores from key conifer species, including Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.), across nine sampling sites in the

Sub-canopy windspeed is a critical input variable in fire simulation modelling, having a strong effect on the predicted rate of spread (ROS). In vegetated landscapes, windspeed reduction occurs due to the structural properties of vegetation, with the canopy height and forest density being key structural attributes driving this effect. Wind reduction factors (WRFs) are used to represent this phenomenon

Vegetation phenology serves as a crucial impact on terrestrial ecosystem, yet its long-term effects on hydrological process, especially seasonal transpiration changes, remain understudied compared to the extensive vegetation-carbon coupling. Here, leveraging long-term solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and satellite-retrieved vegetation transpiration (TR) datasets, we assessed the response

Fire plays a critical role in shaping the Amazon’s ecosystem and carbon dynamics, yet the relative contributions of climatic and land-use drivers remain debated. Here, we used 0.5° by 0.5° aggregated satellite-based active fire (AF) data (2002–2020) combined with land-cover change and climate reanalysis datasets to (1) quantify spatiotemporal change of fire patterns, (2) evaluate the interrelationships

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the second largest hydrological flux over the land surface and connects water, energy, and carbon cycles. However, large uncertainties exist among current ET products due to their coarse spatial resolutions, short temporal coverages, and reliance on assumptions. This study introduces a multimodal machine learning framework to generate a high-resolution (0.1°, daily), long-term

Water use efficiency (WUE) represents a crucial parameter and a major source of error influencing the accuracy of evapotranspiration separation through flux variance similarity (FVS). However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the application of FVS for the separation of evapotranspiration across multiple plantations, thereby constraining our understanding of water use strategies in plantation

Afforestation has been regarded as a potentially effective strategy for the mitigation of climate warming. China has the largest planted forest area worldwide benefited by a series of large-scale afforestation and reforestation project since the 1970s. The planted forests (PF) have been widely reported as an enduring carbon sink. However, the climatic regulation effect of PF on climate through biophysical

Leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rates have been commonly presumed to decline under elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) via partial stomatal closure. While this has great implications for the terrestrial carbon and hydrological balances, eCO2 effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration at the ecosystem scale are highly debatable. Here, we used global ecosystem-level measurements from

We studied the effects of tree species and tree density on the capacity of a forest to buffer understory temperatures during the summer period. We dissociated tree-species and light effects by integrating incident solar irradiance and its proportion intercepted by the canopy into our analyses. We measured solar radiation and air temperature over three consecutive years (2018, 2019 and 2020) in 16 plots

Accurate characterization of the spatiotemporal relationship between leaf area index (LAI) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is crucial for understanding the interplay between vegetation photosynthesis and canopy structure. However, knowledge of their lag response at seasonal timescales is still currently little known. Here, this study implemented two experiments, i.e., the overall and

Accurately quantifying surface energy budgets in croplands is essential for efficient water resource allocation and sustainable agricultural practices. However, the representativeness of eddy covariance (EC) measurements in hilly agricultural fields remains less examined. In this study, we conducted an experiment employing three EC flux towers to assess the consistency of surface energy budget components

The effect of plant diversity on litter decomposition is strongly time-dependent, with consequences for ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. However, the relative importance of multiple drivers of litter mixture on decomposition at different stages remains elusive. We conducted a long-term litterbags experiment by randomly removing a single functional type from the litter mixtures of six functional

Woodlands in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau exhibit the world's most typical vertical forest distribution and, as other high-elevation systems in the region, are threatened by climate change and human disturbance. Despite their importance for ecological conservation, few studies have explored the long-term trajectories of these Plateau forests, their main drivers and threats. To address this gap, we analyzed

Growth dynamics of cold subarctic and subalpine forests are primarily sensitive to temperature, but growth responses may vary across regions or shift over tree ontogeny. Systematic assessments of spatial, interspecific, and demographic variation in temperature and moisture limitation of tree growth at cold distribution margins are essential for enhancing our understanding of how these ecosystems will

Forest fires, driven by global change, have become an increasingly severe concern for the future. To mitigate this uncertainty, understanding the projected response patterns of forest fires under climate change can provide valuable insights, especially in regions like China, where forest fires are prone to occur and highly sensitive to climate variations. This study used the Random Forest algorithm

Forest structure mediates below-canopy temperatures, creating unique microclimates for forest organisms. However, the understanding of how intricate forest canopy structure affect below-canopy air temperatures remains incomplete, especially in early-stage planted forests. Additionally, conventional forest structure metrics lack detailed structural information. We used 156 Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Increasing drought stress due to climate warming has triggered various negative impacts on plantations in dryland areas, including growth reduction, crown dieback, and even tree mortality, with unavoidable consequences for forest ecosystems. However, how drought stress progressively led to the damage process from growth reduction to mortality for mature trees remains largely unclear, especially its

Crop models are widely used as decision support tools in agriculture and natural resource management. However, the current practices in crop modeling and evaluation vary significantly, making it challenging to compare uncertainties across different models and studies. This study aims to quantify and compare the uncertainties associated with four different crop modeling practices using a standardized

Compound cloudy-rainy events (CCREs), characterized by prolonged rainfall and extensive cloud cover, when occurring during the harvest phase, could adversely affect the drying, harvesting, and transportation of mature grains, and even lead to grain mold and sprouting. However, existing studies have focused more on the growth phases, while trends in CCREs during the harvest phase have been largely undocumented

Prolonging drought periods and more extreme heatwaves limit tree species adaptation to environmental changes. Silver fir (Abies alba, Mill.) has been considered one of the species suitable for forest ecosystem adaptation and mitigation strategies in future climate conditions. Here, we present a dendroecological study of the joint effects of droughts and heatwaves on the radial growth of silver fir

Photosynthetic C18OO fractionation (Δ18O) has been used to estimate mesophyll conductance (gm) in C3 and C4 species. However, this requires knowledge of the degree of isotopic equilibration (θr) between leaf water and the CO2 molecules penetrating the leaf interior and re-escaping without being assimilated (Fretro). Here, we re-examine the theory of Δ18O-gm estimation and its sensitivity to changes

Predicting the influence of worldwide drought on forests remains constrained by lacking of mechanistic understanding of trait interactions in defining physiological dysfunction under water stress, particularly with respect to the interaction between plant stomatal regulation and hydraulics. In this study, we investigated key stomatal and hydraulic traits of leaves and stems for 17 temperate woody species

Frequent and intense adverse weather resulting from climate change can lead to high fluctuations in crop yields. However, sowing dates can be adjusted to avoid adverse weather and thereby mitigate crop yield fluctuation. To elucidate the relationship between the sowing date and fluctuations in maize (Zea mays L.) yield, this study evaluated the effect of weather conditions, including adverse weather

Haloxylon ammodendron as a key sand - fixing tree species in the oasis - desert ecotone of arid regions, its degradation seriously threatens regional ecological security. In this study, by integrating heat diffusion technology, isotope tracing, and multi - environmental factor monitoring, the water - use strategies of H. ammodendron forests with different degradation degrees and their response mechanisms

Root water uptake and leaf-level intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUEi) and their temporal variations are important determinates of plant water balance and carbon fixation, yet these processes in humid forest trees are much less explored. We investigated the monthly variations in xylem and soil water isotopes (δ18O, δ2H), leaf carbon isotope (δ13C), soil, xylem and leaf water contents as well as the

Climate has a profound impact on crop productivity, but its effects are difficult to measure due to significant spatial and temporal variability. This study explores a wide range of climatic indices that represent the various conditions affecting corn growth across the United States. By employing clustering techniques, we categorized rainfed corn-growing regions into distinct zones based on similar

Knowledge of the vertical plant area index (PAI) profile is critical for understanding the forest structural and functional characteristics. Vertical PAI profile has been retrieved by the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) spaceborne LiDAR. However, large-scale validation of the GEDI PAI profile products is limited, and their performance has yet to be clearly established. This study aims

Eddy covariance (EC) measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes are commonly used to determine CO2 balances of ecosystems. However, comparisons between experimental treatments, environmental controls or measurement sites are not meaningful without proper uncertainty estimates for the balances. We studied how random and systematic errors depend on the amount of missing data and whether the uncertainty

The Grain for Green Project in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) has greatly increased vegetation cover and altered land use patterns. However, the effects of evapotranspiration (ET) from different vegetation types on local and downwind precipitation remain unclear. In this study, we employed a moisture tracking model to quantify the contributions of ET-driven moisture recycling to precipitation change

Iceland’s natural woodlands are dominated by the downy birch (Betula pubescens), while the dwarf birch (B. nana) is common in shrublands. These two species are the local sources of allergenic pollen that, however, may also be transported from outside Iceland (distant sources). This study aims to detect long-distance pollen transport, elucidate its mechanisms, and assess the relative contributions of

The vapor pressure deficit (VPD), an indicator of atmospheric dryness, is a critical environmental factor influencing terrestrial ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET), with the energy required for ET being supplied by latent heat flux (LE). VPD significantly affects regional and global climate systems by altering surface energy allocation. Under ongoing global warming, VPD is expected to increase continuously

Understanding the responses of vegetation phenology to climate change is of great importance in predicting land-atmosphere carbon and water exchange. Previous studies have revealed a delayed start of the growing season (SOS) in most African regions over the past three decades, contrasting with the advancing trend observed in the Northern Hemisphere. However, the climatic drivers of this SOS delay in

The moisture content of litter, woody debris and living vegetation controls the ignition and spread of fires and the composition of fire emissions. Since many forests in Central Europe were not considered fire-prone, very few observations and knowledge about fuel moisture content (FMC) are available. In this study, we aim to evaluate the representativeness of (i) continuous FMC measurements from in

Climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of drought episodes, altering regional aridity levels. Previous studies have focused on the temporary impacts of seasonal drought on nocturnal sap flow, but how long-term site aridity levels and species-specific stomatal behaviors influence nocturnal sap flow remains unclear. Here, we monitored sap flux density and relevant environmental factors

Agrivoltaics (AVs) has emerged as a promising solution to address the competing demands for land, energy, and food production within the Water-Energy-Food-Ecosystem (WEFE) nexus. However, its effects depend on climate, crops and local conditions, requiring large-scale models capable of capturing these variations. For this purpose, our study introduces a new regional-scale AV model, at the interface

The atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is the lowest layer of the atmosphere, where most of the interactions between the atmosphere and the Earth’s surface occur. Within this layer, the air movements and the turbulent processes facilitate the dispersion and transport of particles. This work quantifies the effect of ABL-dynamics related variables on the surface pollen concentrations in the city of Granada

Fire severity, or how an environment is affected by fire, can be estimated over large areas using remotely sensed indices like the Relative Burnt Ratio (RBR). RBR predictions typically rely on data from a single date just before the fire. However, predicting RBR accurately in both time and space remains challenging. To improve RBR predictability, we developed new models using time series data spanning

This study uses multi-source, multi-temporal remote sensing imagery to compare the effects of invasive Heterotheca subaxillaris and Acacia saligna and natural vegetation on microclimate conditions in Israeli coastal plain. The overall accuracy of the classification and mapping of invasive species and other land covers was 85 %, with optimal performance observed using late autumn imagery. Among the

Understanding of the carbon cycling in subtropical humid alpine meadows is still limited due to the scarcity of observations in this area. It is crucial to quantify the temporal dynamics and factors influencing CO2 fluxes in order to predict ecosystems CO2 budgets accurately under climate change. This study utilized 11 years (2012–2022) of eddy covariance observation data to investigate CO2 fluxes

Root: shoot (RS) ratios are widely used to estimate global and regional forest carbon stocks and to model the forest carbon cycle. However, limited knowledge is available regarding factors that determine RS spatial patterns, particularly in high-latitude temperate regions. Therefore, in this study, we compiled 189 measurements of forest RSs across Northeast China to evaluate the main drivers of RS

Global warming has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of extreme events, such as drought and drought-flood abrupt alternation (DFAA). Vegetation, a crucial component of terrestrial ecosystems, contributes greatly to agricultural production and economic development. Assessing the impacts of droughts and DFAA on vegetation is essential for ecological environment protection, food security

Subsurface drainage is a key loss pathway for water and nutrients from agricultural land in Eastern Canada. Winter is a dominant period of subsurface drainage and nutrient loss in cold climates. Under climate change, however, future winter drainage patterns may change significantly due to reductions in snow cover and soil freezing. This study evaluated the performance of four machine-learning (ML)

Studying growth declines and the factors that cause them, such as droughts or late spring frosts, is key to understanding their influence on forest productivity. However, most of the currently used methodologies to assess these events have drawbacks that can lead to erroneous conclusions. The increasing frequency and importance of these growth declines is linked to a higher climate variability and

Clouds and aerosols can increase canopy photosynthesis relative to clear-sky values through changes in total and diffuse solar radiation: the diffuse fertilization effect (DFE). DFE varies across observational sites due to (a) inconsistent definitions and quantifications of DFE, (b) unexplored relationships between DFE and cloudiness type, and (c) insufficient knowledge of the effect of site characteristics

Early-stage plant stress detection is a key measure for sustainable agriculture management. Mineral dust as an abiotic stressor affects the physical, chemical, and physiological characteristics of plants, which are linked to the plant's visible and near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance. However, considering the intensity of plant exposure to dust and associated spectral feedback remain unclear. This study

The sensitivity of vegetation productivity to precipitation (Sppt) is crucial for grasping how vegetation responds to changing precipitation and forecasting future shifts in ecosystem function. However, comprehensive assessment of Sppt globally is limited by specific technical defects or objective limitations, leading to a poor understanding of its spatial distribution and temporal variations. In this

The role of well-aerated forest soils as sinks for atmospheric methane (CH4) and their impact on mitigating climate warming have gained attention recently. However, there is a lack of continuous time series data on net soil CH4 flux in these forest soils, making annual budget estimates uncertain. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of soil CH4 uptake in

Accurate rice yield estimation is vital for agricultural planning and food security, especially in Northeast China, a key rice-producing region. This study presents an integrated framework combining multi-source remote sensing data, crop growth modeling, and deep learning techniques to enhance rice yield prediction accuracy. We utilized Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sentinel-2

Static chamber-based flux measurements with gas chromatography are commonly used to estimate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from arable soils. The LI-COR 7820 N2O/H2O (LI-7820) enables higher-frequency in situ measurements, but side-by-side comparisons with traditional methods are limited. To address this gap, we compared non-steady-state chamber methods including non-flow-through (NFT) and flow-through

Process-based model simulation studies using legacy data can be used to expand LTAR (Long-Term Agroecosystem Research) enabling exploration of factors otherwise difficult to measure in the field. Management strategies to improve yield stability in response to long-term weather variability can be readily evaluated. MAIZSIM is a coupled crop and soil simulation model that simulates processes at an hourly