Accurately predicting grassland yields is essential for advancing precision agriculture. However, diverse environmental conditions, topographic variations, and sustainable and efficient management practices present significant challenges that can be addressed with the use of high spatial-resolution Sentinel-2 satellite data, agrometeorological information, and spatial and temporal stratification combined

Midst increasing global demand for livestock products, grassland-livestock systems face challenges including pasture degradation and climate change. The introduction of nitrogen (N)-fixing legumes into grass monocultures addresses these challenges and may sustain or increase livestock production with fewer off-farm inputs. This 10-yr study assessed N fertilization level and legume integration effects

Sustainable agriculture is challenged by the intensive farming and phosphate scarcity. Crop rotation can greatly improve fertilizer use efficiency, especially with the inclusion of legumes. However, it remains unclear whether legume inclusion impacts soil phosphorus (P) cycling and crop P uptake under varying soil P conditions. Here, we used a five-year field experiment including four rotation systems:

Food security is a critical challenge of the 21st century, increasingly exacerbated by climate change, which facilitates the spread of pests on farms. The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), represents a significant global threat to tomato crops. Rising infestations have led to the extensive use of insecticides, raising concerns about pesticide resistance, human health risks, and

Intensive vegetable production in Southwest China is characterized by excessive fertilizer inputs, low nutrient use efficiency and high environmental costs. Thus, effective management strategies for sustainable vegetable production need to be explored. A two-year field experiment (2023–2024) was conducted to comprehensively evaluate the effects of different nutrient management strategies on vegetable

Olive groves are vital to the Mediterranean Basin's economy, agro-ecology, and culture. Effective weed management is critical for their long-term sustainability and productivity. This study evaluated the effects of spontaneous grass cover crops on weed community structure, olive production, and soil fertility, comparing them with conventional tillage practices. Over three years in southern Spain, two

Accurate and non-destructive monitoring of potato late blight (PLB) using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing data is of great significance for field management. However, during disease outbreaks, there is a lack of universally applicable rapid monitoring models. On the one hand, different varieties exhibit varying levels of resistance and disease monitoring progression, which can be attributed

The use of organic nitrogen (N) fertilizer and cover crops offer a potential alternative to the synthetic N fertilization in banana cropping systems. However, these changes in cultural practices alter the availability of mineral N and could result in a loss in yield in these agrosystems. Our objective was to develop a model based on existing models specific to banana cultivation to simulate soil mineral

Intensive orchard monocultures in the Mediterranean region lead to environmental issues as soil erosion, soil organic matter loss and nutrient leaching. Alley cropping could serve as suitable strategy to improve soil fertility while increasing land productivity. This study aimed to assess the effect of different alley crop rotations on soil fertility and their effect on counteracting the effects of

Cover crops (CC) may take up substantial amounts of nitrogen and thereby reduce the soil nitrate pool in autumn and thus, the risk of nitrogen (N) leaching losses during winter. The dynamics of the remineralisation of this organic N into plant-available N pools affects the fertiliser N needs of subsequent crops and their economic optimal N rate (EONR). In a series of eight field trials (two years x

Italy is the third largest producer of processing tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) worldwide. Tomato production is projected to be considerably affected by climate change, especially in drought-prone regions where maximizing water use efficiency is essential. A two-year on-farm experiment was conducted to compare full irrigation (T1) with two water-saving irrigation strategies: T2 (regulated deficit

The degradation of black soil poses a substantial threat to the sustainability of agriculture in Northeast China. Although numerous studies have investigated the impact of soil degradation on crop yield, including soil thinning, nutrient depletion, and structural degradation, the primary form of degradation contributing to regional crop yield reduction remains unclear. We synthesized 488 paired observations

Despite extensive research into the agronomic and agroecological effects of biochar on a global scale, several key questions remain unanswered. Further research is required to fully understand the impact of biochar on crop yield, nitrogen (N) turnover, and N use efficiency on soils with high nutrient contents and soil fertility. Additionally, there is a requirement for a more comprehensive analysis

Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction is important for obtaining morphological information and making intelligent management decisions for fruit trees. Thus, a method for the 3D reconstruction and parameters extraction of branches based on Neural Radiation Fields (NeRF) was proposed for walnut (Juglans regia L.) trees. This approach combined Structure from Motion (SfM) with NeRF and used multi-view

Accurate and efficient weed identification and spatial distribution mapping are essential for precise variable herbicide spraying and optimization of weed management strategies. This study proposes a novel approach for real-time weed identification and spatial distribution mapping using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing. The SHATL-YOLOV8s model and UAV video data were used to identify weed

Accurate and timely nitrogen (N) diagnosis is critical for enhancing N use efficiency (NUE), ensuring crop productivity, and mitigating environmental risks. This study developed a novel diagnostic framework integrating phenological information with unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multispectral data. Rice phenological stages related to N management acquired through the RiceGrow model were incorporated

Leaf nitrogen assessment is crucial for optimizing crop management, driving remote sensing use. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) multispectral imagery for enhancing leaf nitrogen content estimation in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through the integration of vegetation indices (VIs) and texture features. Research conducted over two years (2021–2022)

Intercropping systems enhance yield stability through resource complementarity, providing a sustainable agricultural approach. Potassium (K), a vital nutrient for plant growth, significantly influences crop yield and stability, although its regulatory mechanisms in intercropping remain underexplored. This study, based on field experiments from 2022 to 2024, assessed the impact of three K application

Globally, increasing the intensity and diversity of cropping systems has been pointed as one of the potential solutions for reconciling food production and climate change mitigation. Intensifying agroecosystems may require changes in agronomic practices (e.g. sowing dates and hybrids) potentially increasing the risks of specific crop productivity in the short term. However, it can increase the productivity

Integrating green manure (GM) crops into the conventional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) rotation system enhanced resource use efficiency but diminished soil water storage (SWS) and yield production throughout the fallow period (∼3 mo) within semiarid parts of the Loess Plateau. Balancing crop yield and soil water utilization in dryland GM systems, a four-year field trial was conducted to evaluate

Northeast China (NE) is a vital grain production base, playing a crucial role in ensuring food security. Maize, rice, and soybean, the three major grain crops (MGC), account for 98.7 % of NE’s total grain output. However, high-resolution MGC maps for this region are lacking, which are essential for analyzing spatial and temporal changes in crop planting patterns and developing agricultural policies

Globally, invasive weeds jeopardize pasture productivity and biodiversity, prompting extensive control efforts which are often hampered by an incomplete understanding of how livestock activities, particularly excreta deposition, facilitate weed invasion. Focusing on southwest Chinese pastures, we combined field surveys and controlled experiments to investigate how livestock excreta facilitate the establishment

Maximizing the nitrogen (N) legacy effects of legumes is crucial for reducing N inputs in legume-based rotations to achieve high yield. Excessive N inputs have significantly negatively influenced the N legacy effects of peanut in the peanut-wheat rotation in the North China Plain (NCP). The optimization of N inputs to maximize N legacy effects of peanut and obtain high yields in peanut-wheat rotation

Increasing plant diversity is seen as an important method for improving agricultural soil health, with benefits extending to increased soil carbon content and improved ecosystem health. However, including multi-species interactions into models is challenging. In this study, we represented multi-species interactions by producing different cash crop parameter values depending on the presence of undersown

Climate change and soil degradation threaten global agriculture, necessitating sustainable solutions. This study adopted a dual methodological approach, integrating a systematic review with quantitative bibliometric analysis to evaluate the potential of biochar in climate-smart agriculture. A total of 180 documents published between 2010 and 2023 were retrieved from the Scopus database. Using the Bibliometrix

Global warming presents significant challenges to crop production, but the emphasis on future yields rather than carbon sequestration has limited our understanding of how cropland contributes to climate change. In this study, we integrated the World Food Studies model and the Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator to evaluate the impacts of variety optimization on winter wheat yield and net ecosystem

Harvest timing significantly affects rice yield and quality, with optimal timing varying by variety and region. In order to elucidate the effects of different harvest timings on rice yield and quality, and emphasize the impact of rice varieties and regions on harvest timing and suitable grain moisture content. Using 35 days after heading and 22–24 % moisture content as controls, 32 studies (977 data

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), the fifth-largest cereal crop globally, faces productivity challenges due to soil zinc deficiency, which negatively impacts both yield and nutritional quality. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of foliar zinc fertilizer application on sorghum yield, grain filling dynamics, starch synthesis, and nutrient accumulation across two growing seasons. A comprehensive

Phosphorus (P) deficiency is a critical limiting factor in crop production, significantly impacting growth and yield, particularly in winter rye. Traditional methods for detecting P deficiency often face challenges in terms of accuracy and timeliness, especially during the early stages of crop development. Hyperspectral remote sensing presents a promising alternative for monitoring nutrient stress

The response of crop growth and yield formation to nitrogen (N) application under elevated atmospheric ammonia (NH3) concentrations remains unclear. We hypothesize that elevated NH3 concentrations combined with different N application rates would affect wheat productivity through regulating canopy-root traits and photosynthetic capacity. Therefore, a three-year field experiment was conducted to clarify

While straw and its derived biochar are established as effective soil amendments for carbon (C) sequestration, the divergent underlying mechanisms governing C enrichment through these materials and their corresponding agronomic implications remain poorly understood. In this four-year field study, stable C fractions such as microbial necromass carbon (MNC), humic C and aggregate-associated C were analyzed

The 10-year effects of organic fertilization have been shown to enhance crop yields and contribute to sustainable agricultural productivity, although the extent of these benefits can vary depending on specific conditions and management practices. To investigate the impact of different organic fertilization approaches, the present study examined the effects of livestock-keeping and stockless organic

Crop models need to be regularly updated with parameterizations for new cultivars, but this requires calibration, which is a major challenge. Using the winter wheat cultivar Rubisko as a case study, we applied for the first time on experimental data a new calibration protocol to estimate the parameters of the STICS crop model for this new cultivar with multi-trial experimental data. We tested the calibration

This study assesses the greenhouse gases (GHG) mitigation potential of two cropping systems under the diverse pedoclimatic conditions of two sites in Northern and Southern Italy, belonging to moist and dry climate zones, respectively. The two cropping systems, implemented at field scale in silty-clay-loam soils, were an optimized cropping system (ECS), designed and managed to be more efficient in the

Crop simulation models are important tools in agronomy. Typically, they need to be calibrated before being used for new environments or cultivars. However, there is a large variability in calibration approaches, which contributes to uncertainty in simulated values, so it is important to develop improved calibration procedures that are widely applicable. The AgMIP calibration group recently proposed

Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is a key indicator for selecting nitrogen-efficient crop cultivars and optimizing fertilization strategies. However, NUE is typically assessed using destructive and laborious sampling methods, hindering the advancement of sustainable agriculture. The objective is to test whether the fusion of phenotyping data simultaneously acquired by multi-source sensors that reflect

Nitrogen is an important nutrient with respect to crop growth, development and yield. Hence, site specific and optimal nitrogen fertilization requires knowledge of spatial nitrogen distribution and deficiencies in the field. Optical methods to determine leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) have advantages over laboratory methods because of lower costs and faster performance. Together with e.g. unmanned

Crop maps play a crucial role in agricultural remote sensing applications at both regional and national levels, particularly in monitoring cropland use, simulating cropping intensity, estimating crop yields, and assessing agricultural sustainability. Existing crop mapping methods primarily rely on machine learning algorithms, which often depend heavily on sample data and lack portability. Crops follow

Exploration of biochar application for soil health and carbon (C) sequestration, and their impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions under citrus orchard cultivation is a less explored aspect. As citrus orchard soils are mainly acidic, soil organic matter (SOM) loss via acidity-induced decomposition and subsequent GHG emissions can be reduced through addition of biochar. Due to the alkaline nature

The level of soil nitrogen supply profoundly impacts the growth, development, and yield formation capacity of winter wheat. Excessive use of nitrogen-based fertilizers in current agricultural practices has negative consequences on both the environment and crop growth. Therefore, real-time, non-destructive estimation of soil total nitrogen content using hyperspectral remote sensing technology is crucial

Future climate changes will likely alter the length and timing of phenological phases of olive crop. The timing and management of agronomic practices (planting, irrigation, fertilization, crop protection, harvesting, etc.) are based on phenological phases and plant development. Consequently, accurate phenological assessments are essential to define climate risks and guide optimal management apt to

The early panicle initiation stage plays a pivotal role in rice yield formation and nitrogen use efficiency. Rapid and accurate estimation of the Nitrogen Nutrition Index (NNI) during this stage is essential for guiding precise fertilization in high-yield rice cultivation. Although discrete wavelet transform (DWT) serves as an effective feature extraction tool, its application to crop NNI estimation

Crop models play a key role in simulating crop growth, predicting yield, and assessing interventions for improving production. Nevertheless, their reliability is often hindered by uncertainties in parameterization, soil properties, management practices, and meteorological inputs. These uncertainties can significantly affect model accuracy, especially when models are applied to different crops, cultivars

Cadmium (Cd) contamination in paddy soils poses substantial environmental and health risks, particularly in regions where rice is a dietary staple. Modified biochar (MBC) has been identified as a promising approach for mitigating Cd accumulation in rice; however, the comparative effectiveness of different modifications relative to unmodified biochar (UMBC) remains insufficiently quantified. This meta-analysis

The remote sensing-based estimation of the vertical attenuation coefficient K is of great significance to increase the accuracy of the estimation of crop canopy nitrogen vertical distribution by remote sensing technology. However, the multiple-angle information is susceptible to interference from specular reflection, which greatly limits the accuracy and stability of K estimation. In this research

Deep Learning (DL) has changed the face of weed detection and has greatly improved Site-Specific Weed Management (SSWM). A comprehensive review of DL-based weed detection approaches with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), autonomous robots, and high-resolution orthomosaic imagery is presented in this paper. Different DL models have been used in improving the accuracy of weed detection and classification

The development of stable and high-yielding wheat cultivars offers a sustainable solution to the challenge of food security and self-sufficiency in developing countries. The main goals of this study were to evaluate the effects of genotype, environment and genotype by environment (G×E) interaction on grain yield in durum wheat genotypes, to identify high-yielding and stable genotypes, and to identify

The rapid and accurate estimation of maize aboveground biomass (AGB) and organ biomass at the field scale is crucial for monitoring crop growth and predicting yield. However, there is limited research on estimating crop organ biomass from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing. This study used a multispectral (MS) camera and LiDAR sensor to acquire data at various maize growth stages across two

This study investigates the impact of synthetic ground cover (mulch) and shade netting on pistachio trees (Pistacia vera L. cv. ‘Ahmad-Aghai’) under drought and salinity stress during critical reproductive stages. Conducted over four years (2020–2023) in a semi-arid region, the experiment evaluated treatments on nutrient status, physiological traits, growth, thermal regulation, water use efficiency

Harvest Weed Seed Control (HWSC) tactics aim to reduce weed dissemination and are considered promising approaches for future Integrated Weed Management (IWM) strategies. To be effective however, HWSC requires that target species have high seed retention at crop harvest. Here, a multi-year assessment of seed shedding was conducted across large geographical areas in the UK and Italy, for pernicious grass

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) is the primary sugar crop in China, which accounts for over 86 % of the nation’s total sugar output. However, sugarcane cultivation faces increasing threats from different insect species, among which the stem borers stand out as the most destructive pests for sugarcane yield. These pests undergo multiple generations per year, leading to escalating infestations. In

Understanding the optimum seeding rate for soybeans is crucial to maximizing the revenue of farmers amidst rising seed costs. On-farm experimentation (OFE) is often performed over several years to gather information about the uncertainties of yield response to different seeding rates. This study aimed to testify the potential of the posterior passing technique under the Bayesian approach by incorporating

Substituting synthetic nitrogen (N) with green manure (GM) is a sustainable agricultural practice. However, the role of GM nitrogen (GMN) in crop productivity and its environmental impact have not been well summarized. Furthermore, the mechanisms driving GMN use efficiency in response to field management, climatic conditions, and soil properties remain unclear. Therefore, this study conducted a comprehensive

Plasma-based nitrogen (N) enrichment of organic fertilizers is a process that utilizes plasma technology and electricity to infuse liquid biobased fertilizers with atmospheric N, doubling plant-available N content. The final product is labeled as Nitrogen-Enriched Organic Fertilizer (NEO). This study investigates and compares the applicability of NEO against conventional fertilizers in grass production

Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for crop growth. Determining the dynamics of N uptake by crops is essential to optimize N management and improve the sustainability of crop production, especially for winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), a highly N-dependent crop. The concept of critical nitrogen concentration is an effective way to diagnose plant nitrogen status, defining the minimum

The tea plant (Camellia sinensis) is an important woody economic crop, and the growth of young tea shoots directly affects the economic value of tea. The application of commercial gibberellic acid (GA3) can regulate the growth of tea plants, facilitating staggered harvesting for farmers. However, the impact of commercial GA3 on tea yield and quality remains unknown, and its safety requires further

In the cotton-growing region of the Yellow River Basin in China, cotton sowing dates typically range from early May to early June. The yield of early-maturing cotton varies significantly with sowing dates and growing seasons. We hypothesize that these yield variations are primarily due to differences in resource utilization efficiency. A 3-year field experiment was conducted from 2021 to 2023 with

While it is widely recognized that nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) addition, and liming are crucial for high agricultural yields and soil fertility, field studies examining shoot-root responses to nutrient deficiencies remain limited. Understanding crop adaptation strategies to nutrient-poor soils is crucial for optimizing low-input agriculture. In this study, we investigated the shoot

Integrating genetic information into dynamical models is crucial for understanding genotype variation and improving crop performance in the face of current agronomic and ecological constraints. Calibration over a large number of genotypes is a key step in building gene-to-phenotype models but remains challenging. We compared two strategies for calibrating an Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) kinetic

Perennial crops can be a sustainable alternative to annual crops due to plant traits and management practices that improve productivity and may contribute to soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. However, our understanding of the mechanisms behind the potential differences in SOC pools between perennials and annuals is incomplete, particularly in the sandy soils that dominate Danish croplands. Based