One of the main objectives of community ecology is to unravel the mechanisms that influence the composition of species assemblages, a process known as community assembly. While research in terrestrial and coastal marine ecosystems has provided extensive knowledge on community assembly, little is known about the processes that shape ecological communities in the deep sea. In this study, we focus on

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the composition of meiofaunal organisms in and around the Aleutian Trench, with a detailed focus on Harpacticoida. Overall, Nematoda were the most abundant Taxon (88.5 – 86.6%) followed by Copepoda (4.8 – 3.8%). The highest concentrations of these two taxa were observed in the northern rim of the trench and the Bering Sea, while Loricifera demonstrated

Dispersion is a fundamental physical mechanism that shapes marine ecosystems through transporting and mixing heat, salt, and nutrients, as well as affecting the distribution and connectivity of organisms. Western Boundary Currents (WBC) are key to driving regional heat circulation, have immense economic and social value, and also have a significant impact on dispersion. Despite its importance, the

Resilient coastal communities and sustainable marine economies require actionable knowledge to plan for and adapt to emerging and potential future climate change, particularly in relation to ecosystem services and coastal hazards. Such knowledge necessarily draws heavily on coastal ocean modelling of future climate impacts, using a great diversity of both global and regional approaches to explore multiple

Jet Streams (JS) are powerful upper-tropospheric winds that significantly influence weather and climate. As anthropogenic climate change alters temperature gradients, subtropical JS are expected to shift poleward, which can have unforeseen consequences on midlatitude Earth systems. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, the impact of the steady poleward migration of the Northern Hemisphere subtropical

Pelagic ecosystems are distributed throughout the world’s seas and oceans. They are characterised by strong vertical structuring, horizontal heterogeneity and temporal variability, which pose significant challenges for modelling them on a global scale. In this paper, we use the mechanistic high trophic level model APECOSM (Apex Predators ECOSystem Model) to assess how the physical and biogeochemical

In this paper, we analyze two-dimensional distributions of water parcels as they travel poleward from 35°N in the California Current System (CCS). Daily, altimeter-derived velocities are used to carry the parcels, with and without the addition of Ekman transports. Poleward-traveling parcels use the Inshore Countercurrent (ICC) off southern and central California in summer and autumn, connecting to

The Northwest Levantine Basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea has been historically considered as the source region of the Levantine Intermediate Water of the Mediterranean, which is formed in the permanent Rhodes cyclonic gyre. In late winter-early spring 1992, an unusual deep mixing of the water column down to 2000 dbar was observed. This event, caused by synergy of extreme meteorological winter

Understanding the movement ecology and resource use of pelagic fishes is essential for their conservation and management. Molids, as predators of gelatinous zooplankton, play important ecological roles in the gelatinous food webs and undertake long-distance migrations across the Pacific Ocean. This study used a novel combination of isotope-based approaches, including isoscapes, compound-specific isotope

The present study examines the fatty acid (FA) profiles of the Atlantic chub mackerel (Scomber colias) and the Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus), from the NW Mediterranean, focusing on FA distribution across maturity stages in three lipid fractions: reserve lipids, membrane lipids, and free fatty acids (FFAs). Results show that the reserve FA fraction primarily influences the total

Amundsen Gulf, located between the Canadian north slope and Banks Island, is the western-most entrance to the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, providing a bridge between the western Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic. Using timeseries from 13 moorings in the vicinity of the mouth of Amundsen Gulf deployed from 2003 to 2004, we investigate the mean state and dominant variability of the circulation in the

Large numbers of spherical, organic-walled, monothalamous foraminifera were observed and isolated from the fine-sized sediment fraction collected at hadal depths in the Aleutian trench. The foraminifer was one of the few living species found among diatom frustules that make up most of this sediment fraction. Morphologically, the species resembles the genus Bathyallogromia described from the Weddell

Comprehensive surveys of marine fish egg and larval assemblages provide insight into spawning distribution, dispersal, transport processes, connectivity, and recruitment. We report on a rare basin-wide synoptic survey of fish eggs and larvae sampled throughout the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), including the Loop Current (LC) and Bahamas Channel in the Atlantic. Based on paired sample collections, we identified

Long-term data series (2012–2021) of physical and oceanographic parameters at the LTER-Italy research site “Delta del Po and Costa Romagnola’’, encompassing the Po river delta and the surrounding coastal areas, were analyzed to investigate the variability of surface turbidity in the North-Western Adriatic shelf. This shallow coastal environment is characterized by high river runoff, strong variability

This study investigates the connection between the current velocity variations in the central South China Sea (SCS) and westward-propagating tropical Rossby waves in the western North Pacific, using satellite altimeter observations and coastal tide-gauge data supplemented by numerical modeling. This work is focused on the dynamic link between the intraseasonal velocity oscillations observed in the

The Cape Verde Archipelago (CVA) is a hotspot of biological productivity in the oligotrophic central North Atlantic, supporting a highly diverse ecosystem. Twenty years of interdisciplinary observational data are used to investigate the primary physical processes driving this productivity and their impacts on the composition of biological life across the food web of the CVA. Three dominant physical

Several species of trench-dwelling meiofaunal animals, including Kinorhyncha, have been described in recent years; however, our knowledge on kinorhynchs inhabiting abyssal and even hadal depths is still extremely scarce. In the present study, we explore the Kinorhyncha community of the Aleutian Trench, North Pacific Ocean, an under-sampled region in terms of meiofauna. As a result, a new species of

Abyssal mixing induced by internal wave breaking has been proposed as an essential process that maintains and modulates the deep cyclonic circulation and meridional overturning circulation in the South China Sea (SCS). Previous studies have primarily focused on internal tides, leaving limited exploration on internal lee waves and their roles in mixing the SCS. This study represents the first basin-scale

The isotopic composition of POC (δ13CPOC) serves as a critical tracer for marine carbon dynamics. Its traditional applications usually assume a fixed δ13C value for marine phytoplankton (δ13Cphyto) of − 20 ± 1 ‰, overlooking spatiotemporal variabilities in phytoplankton carbon isotope fractionation (εP). This study quantifies εP-mediated δ13CPOC variations in the Yellow Sea – a temperate shelf sea

Oceanic mesoscale structures, such as eddies, play a fundamental role in ocean circulation, ocean biogeochemical cycles and plankton ecology. They cause lateral and vertical advection, as well as interact with vertical mixing, which is predicted to promote episodic fluxes of macronutrients to the surface ocean. However, the interactions between mesoscale eddies can generate submesoscale fronts and

Diatoms and dinoflagellates are two typical functional groups of phytoplankton, which account for a major part of global primary production and play an important role in ecosystem processes and biogeochemical cycles. It is well known that the dynamics of diatoms and dinoflagellates in the ocean are mainly driven by changes in hydrological conditions related to climate change and human activities. However

Eastern boundary current systems are known for seasonal upwelling that brings water from below the mixed layer to the surface. The process deoxygenates the water column by bringing lower-dissolved oxygen water closer to the surface and oxygenates the water column by driving primary productivity due to the injection of nutrients from deep waters. Here, an observational dataset of 5 years of dissolved

We examine the long-term variability of the near-surface circulation of the Ionian Sea. Our analysis primarily focuses on a high-resolution hindcast simulation of the Mediterranean dynamics from 1981 to 2010. This time period is significant as it includes a notable near-surface circulation reversal in the Northern Ionian Sea (NIS), which shifted from anticyclonic to cyclonic at the end of 1997. This

Understanding the mechanisms driving ontogenetic niche shifts in fishes has predominantly focused on dietary changes in large predatory migrants. This study investigates trophic niche dynamics in a small, pelagic migratory fish, the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus). By mapping migratory paths across varied oceanographic regions on a temperate continental shelf of Korean waters, we quantified

The paper concentrates on the east Adriatic and a ten-day (20–29 May 2017) interval when a research cruise has been carried out, when the bottom probes have been operating close to the coast, and for which the satellite data have been available. Meteorological modeling has shown that two pulses of northern winds occurred at the time. The shipborne CTD and ADCP data collected on 28 May 2017 revealed

Accurate estimation of mixed layer depth (MLD) is crucial for understanding the upper ocean dynamics as well as their implications on climate and marine ecosystems. While various methods have been proposed to estimate MLD from vertical temperature and/or density profiles, a systematic evaluation across different algorithms remains untapped. In this study, twelve approaches for MLD estimation are implemented

The Sicily Channel plays a crucial role in the general circulation of the Mediterranean Sea. However, the internal wave dynamics is still sparsely characterized in this area which is a hotspot for internal tides. Here, we benefit from a high-resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea with and without tidal forcings to study the synoptic internal wave dynamics in the Sicily Channel area as well as their

Carbon export through the Arctic rivers could significantly impact land–ocean interactions and coastal ecosystems under global warming. However, the transport dynamics and coastal fate of these carbon associated with large river plumes on the adjacent shelves remain largely unknown, particularly under large-scale climate patterns like the Arctic Oscillation (AO). In this study, we analyzed the interannual

By resolving spatiotemporal variations in sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) based on multiple-year underway measurements, we quantified basin-scale air–sea CO2 exchange flux on the China side of the South Yellow Sea between 2005 and 2011, and compared it with the result obtained between 2011 and 2018. Over the three subregions under study, the area-weighted average of the CO2 influx rate was

There is growing concern among decision makers in a warming world that increasing frequency and severity of extreme events, such as marine heatwaves, is making historical information less representative and useful. To aid decision making in a rapidly warming ocean, researchers have developed new forecast tools that can predict marine heatwaves on sub-seasonal to seasonal timescales. As demand from

The continental seas have experienced significant eutrophication due to intensified anthropogenic activities. This study aims to elucidate the processes that govern the budgets of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and dissolved silicate (DSi) in the East China Sea (ECS). Key nutrient sources include terrestrial runoff, atmospheric deposition, water column regeneration

Patterns of the spatial fluxes and conversion of oceanic kinetic energy are explored using a 26-year temporal average of a dynamically consistent ECCO state estimate. Because thermal-wind balance is found to be accurate over much of the ocean domain, and with correspondingly small Rossby numbers, a linear analysis is used. Despite the averaging the abyssal ocean average proves remarkably noisy, and

The ocean absorbs anthropogenic CO2 and sequesters it in deep water through the marine biological pump, playing an irreplaceable role in global climate change. This study investigates the vertical distribution of CO2 system parameters in the deep Eastern Indian Ocean during autumn 2020 and spring 2021. Additionally, the role of biological processes in regulating the CO2 system parameters were examined

A new species of the genus Bathyopsurus Nordenstam, 1955 (Munnopsidae, Bathyopsurinae) is described from the Aleutian Trench in the North-east Pacific collected during the RV Sonne expedition AleutBio (Aleutian Trench Biodiversity Studies) (SO293) from depths between 4224–5170 m from both the northern sub-Arctic slope as well as the southern North Pacific slope of the Aleutian Trench. Bathyopsurus

We investigated the taxonomic and functional complexity of a mesozooplankton community and associated trophic relationships in a tropical area of the Southwest Atlantic Ocean. Mesozooplankton communities showed a clear distribution between coastal and oceanic regions. Along the continental shelf, areas influenced by the upwelling of the Cabo Frio and plume of the Paraíba do Sul River, characterized

The oceans have absorbed nearly 30% of the anthropogenic CO2 that alters the ocean carbon chemistry. The oceanic processes are highly complex, which mandate approaches that couple its physical, chemical and biological states. Here, we use a coupled atmosphere–ocean-biogeochemistry model, incorporating spatially and temporally varying atmospheric CO2 to simulate the north Indian Ocean (NIO) carbon dynamics

The oceanic particle flux controls, in part, ocean biogeochemical cycles and long-term carbon sequestration. The Oceanic Flux Program (OFP), the longest running time series of its kind, has continuously measured the deep particle flux in the oligotrophic Sargasso Sea southeast of Bermuda since 1978. This paper describes the deep flux climatology at the OFP site over the 1978–2022 time period. Mass

The Aleutian Trench, a canyon-like structure in the deep sea floor that parallels the southern fringe of the Aleutian Islands off Alaska, has only been studied by a few previous expeditions. The trench itself and the adjacent island archipelago both present potential dispersal barriers to marine species, which may shape the regional biogeography. We report new findings on the molluscan fauna of the

The Western Tropical Pacific Ocean has a complicated circulation system and plays a significant role in regulating global marine nitrogen cycles and budgets. Powerful insights can be gained by using nitrate isotope (δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3-) techniques. In this study, nitrate concentrations and δ15N-NO3- and δ18O-NO3- values were obtained along meridional (130°E) and zonal (20°N) transects in the Western

Hypoxia events driven by the onshore advection of oxygen-poor upwelling waters have become increasingly common along Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS). More frequent or intense drops in nearshore oxygen concentrations can impact the behavior, population dynamics, and geographic distribution of many coastal species. To better understand these effects, it is necessary to determine the periodicity

Double-diffusive convection (DDC) is a critical driving mechanism for diapycnal mixing in the ocean. However, there is limited quantitative investigation on the impacts of dynamic ocean-atmospheric processes, such as the interaction between tropical cyclones and mesoscale eddies, on DDC generation. In this study, we analyzed the cyclone-eddy induced DDC based on measurements obtained by an underwater

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) experienced drastic population declines from the mid-1970 s to the early 1990′s throughout their range. The survival of the salmon while at sea is considered as the main driver of these declines, even though the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study aims at improving the general understanding of the ocean distribution and migration timing of sub-adult

The export of phytoplankton-synthesized particulate organic carbon (POC) from the upper ocean to the depth removes CO2 from the atmosphere, playing a critical role in the global climate system. However, substantial data and knowledge gaps in the spatial and temporal variability of the POC export hamper a full spectrum of understanding to the controls of POC export at both seasonal and basin scales

Preserving healthy marine ecosystems is crucial for human societies, especially in resource-dependent locations like Santo Antão, the most northwestern island of Cabo Verde (East Atlantic Ocean). However, effective conservation requires baseline ecological knowledge on target ecosystems, which is often lacking. This study provides the first ecological characterization of upper mesophotic coral assemblages

The Indonesian Seas feature a wide spectrum of variations in hydrography and circulation. This study applies a simple frequency-based time series decomposition method on the 20-year (2000–2019) model simulation, revealing the spatial distribution of the variations in intra-seasonal, semi-annual, annual, and inter-annual bands, respectively. K-means clustering based on the decomposed variability is

Unicellular plankton are the foundation of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles. This study analyzed long-term observations (2009–2021) of the taxonomic composition and size structure of nano- to microplankton in the East China Sea to assess the impact of environmental changes on these communities. Over the past decade, aloricate ciliate and chain-forming diatom abundances have declined, likely

The rapid transformations in the European sector of the Arctic Ocean, characterized by a pronounced increase in Atlantic water inflow and a decline in sea ice, are reshaping the trophic structures within this ecosystem. This study investigates the effects of such environmental changes on the planktonic trophodynamics in Fram Strait, focusing on the comparison between Arctic and Atlantic influenced

Studies on species’ functional traits are increasingly used to explore the links between zooplankton community structure and ecosystem functioning. This study investigates copepod diversity across the main frontal types along the continental shelf and shelf break of eastern South America (32°S-55°S), using taxonomic and functional diversity approaches. We analyzed 53 copepod species grouped by five

Tropical cyclones modify the upper ocean due to significant mixing associated with increased winds that bring CO2 and nutrient-rich subsurface waters to the surface, altering CO2 flux and biological production. In the region where considerable river discharge occurs with strong stratification, it is hypothesized that tropical cyclones may increase the sink of CO2 into the ocean and vice versa in the

The western North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre comprises the warm Gulf Stream (GS) and the cold Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC), which are the main currents of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Hydrographic sections conducted at 66°W (A22) and 52°W (A20) in the western North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre (NASG) have sampled these currents in 1997, 2003, 2012, and 2021. Both single-

The Indian Ocean (IO) is characterized by large gradients in atmospheric aerosols and is also an important sink region for atmospheric CO2. However, there are major gaps in our understanding of the linkages between micronutrient dissolved iron (DFe) derived from aerosol over the IO, and the responses of phytoplankton, uptake of CO2 by the upper ocean, and subsequent CO2 sequestration. The present study

Understanding tidal energetics is crucial for comprehending complex oceanic processes in the South China Sea (SCS). Tidal energy budget in different parts of the world’s oceans has been widely estimated, but the dissipation pathways of tidal energy in the eddying ocean remain elusive. Based on a well-validated high-resolution numerical simulation, this study provides an updated estimate of tidal energy

In polar and temperate regions seasonality in environmental conditions is an important driver of animal phenology. In tropical systems, where the environment is relatively homogeneous year-round, the link between phenology and seasonality is weakened, and many species breed asynchronously or even year-round. This leads to the question of how these species adapt to seasonal changes, which remain present

Several large-scale studies have examined the spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability in macrozooplankton communities in the eastern Indian sector of the Southern Ocean. In this study, variability in these communities was analyzed using samples collected by the RMT8 during the KY1804 survey, conducted between 80° and 150° E during the austral summer of 2018–2019. Furthermore, these