Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) is a key indicator of the sources and transformation trends of organic matter in aquatic environments. However, in natural water, the composition of FDOM is often affected by external inputs, which complicates the isolation of environmental heterogeneity effects. To elucidate the intrinsic fluorescent characteristics of DOM with minimal external interference

High-precision and accurate runoff simulation is crucial for the management and allocation of water resources, the operation of hydraulic engineering, and the prevention of flood and drought disasters. However, consensus remains elusive regarding effective methods to filter and reshape the impact of numerous external factors on runoff, and theoretical foundations for such processes are also inadequately

Fractures are widely distributed in aquifers, and their geometric characteristics and hydraulic properties play a crucial role in groundwater flow and the migration of contaminants. Therefore, accurately characterizing fractures within aquifers is of great importance. In this study, we developed a novel method to invert the geometric features and aperture of fractures in fractured aquifers using deep

The absence or inaccessibility of high-quality Urban Underground Stormwater Networks (UUSNs) data hinders precise modeling and analysis of urban flood. This study proposed an algorithm for deriving UUSNs based on urban road networks and UUSNs design standards by using domain adversarial neural networks and complex network analysis. In data-supported region, the algorithm successfully captured 92% of

Evaluating the alignment between groundwater level (GWL) and groundwater salinity (GWS) is crucial for the management of groundwater. The aim of this proposed module-based study was to explore spatio-temporal coherence between GWL and GWS in the Miandoab aquifer, in northwestern Iran, adjacent Urmia Lake. In the first module, zoning was performed leading to four distinct clusters. The GALDIT as the

Estuaries and bays provide favorable conditions for mariculture, which in turn influences regional carbon cycling. However, a key challenge lies in comprehending the role of mariculture in sedimentary organic matter (SOM) dynamics during the transport of organic carbon (OC) along river-estuary-bay continuums. To address this knowledge gap, surface sediments were collected from a typical oyster farming

Understanding the interactions between vegetation coverage and precipitation is critical for the restoration and conservation of fragile ecosystems, particularly in regions with unique climatic conditions such as the dry-hot valley of the Jinsha River. Using MOD13Q1 vegetation data and IMERG satellite precipitation data from 2001 to 2020, this study investigated the trends, time-lag, and accumulation

To accurately simulate the complex wetting and drying process involved in flooding, two widely used schemes, the thin film scheme and the minimum threshold scheme, have been incorporated into the discrete Boltzmann model for shallow water flows. Seven classical benchmarks are employed to evaluate their performance: one-dimensional steady hydraulic jump, one-dimensional ideal dam-break flow, one-dimensional

Ecohydrological processes in arid and semi-arid regions play a critical role in shaping regional climate dynamics. This study focused on sand dunes and meadows, which are typical ecosystems in the Horqin Sandland, using meteorological, soil, environmental, and eddy covariance (EC) observational data for 10 years (2013–2022). An ecohydrological model (T&C model) was developed for community-scale sandy

In the hydrological cycle, infiltration is a fundamental process that connects surface water with groundwater. Presently, the numerical computation of infiltration equations grounded in physical theories is intricate and frequently constrained by stability challenges. Empirical infiltration equations, which are formulated from experiments conducted at either point or field scales, still necessitate

Stream temperature (ST) is a key driver of water quality and ecosystem health, and the analysis and forecasting thereof benefit from the availability of high spatiotemporal resolution ST datasets. However, such datasets are limited spatially and temporally across the CONUS, particularly for small, remote streams. Available models are limited in domain (regional), spatial resolution (≥10 km), temporal

Sediment connectivity provides an effective geomorphological and hydrologic tool in understanding the impact of morphological complexity and anthropogenic modification on the spatial transfer of sediment fluxes within a geomorphic system. However, sediment connectivity studies presented numerous challenges in complicated topographic area, such as the hilly-gully loess region of Chinese Loess Plateau

Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is crucial for understanding water and carbon cycles, and water resource management. Direct ET measurements are expensive and technically challenging. A common indirect estimation method involves multiplying potential evapotranspiration (PET) by a soil water stress function (β). However, a soil water stress function with static parameters (βS) was generally

Benthic turbulent bursts play a crucial role in sediment resuspension and endogenous pollution in large, shallow lakes. This study aims to compare the dynamics of bursting events under various wind- and ship-induced waves in the near-bed regions of Lake Taihu, China. Utilizing in-situ observations with high-frequency Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry, we revealed several distinct turbulence patterns associated

Global trends of increasing lake salinity stem from numerous mechanisms, including land use and climate change. As salinity varies inversely with water level in shallow lakes, the effects of a drying and warming climate can mimic salinization, the increased storage of dissolved salts. Even detecting trends in shallow lakes can be challenging due to large interannual variability. Here, I develop a new

Vegetation patch is a widely distributed pattern in global water-limited regions and is found to affect crucial soil hydrological properties, especially soil water content (SWC) that supports plant survival. However, the effects of vegetation patches on soil water content highly vary with site conditions. Under what condition can the positive effect of vegetation patch be maximized remains unknown

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) have been widely adopted to address urban flooding, water pollution, and biodiversity degradation. However, implementing SuDS in sloping environments presents unique challenges due to complex hydrological processes and geotechnical factors. This paper comprehensively reviews the current understanding, approaches, opportunities, and future research directions for

Salt intrusion and sediment dynamics affect the water quality of estuaries. Multiple factors, such as river discharge, tidal forcing and surge events influence salt intrusion and the location of the Turbidity Maximum Zone (TMZ). As these drivers vary frequently, estuarine systems are in a permanent state of adaptation. This study quantifies the spatio-temporal variability in response to the change

Accurate mapping of flood susceptibility (FSM) is of paramount importance for the effective management and mitigation of this deadly disaster. This study introduces a novel framework based on the Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) for enhanced FSM, which was applied to two basins in Iran: the Karun and Gorganrud basins. Three KAN-based models were implemented and evaluated. The performance of the Boubaker-KAN

Unregulated ‘free-flowing’ streams are essential in maintaining the ecological health of river systems within basins that are increasingly regulated by large dams. However, flow regimes in ‘free-flowing’ streams can nonetheless be impacted by smaller distributed (diffuse) forms of regulation such as small dams and pumped extractions, and climate change is expected to exacerbate these impacts. Research

A significant hydrological feature of the cryosphere is that water bodies exist in multiphase forms. Abrupt shifts in multiphase water indicate a break in the stability of the hydrological cycle and may threaten sustainable water resources supply. However, the phenomenon of abrupt shifts in alpine regions and their underlying driving mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the

With the extensive implementation of control measures for industrial point sources, domestic sewage pollution, and the broad adoption of Low Impact Development facilities, urban river water quality deterioration has increasingly been linked to rainfall events worldwide. Notably, this challenging phenomenon, known as flood-season pollution (FSP), is inadequately addressed in the new phase of precise

Methane (CH4) is a significant greenhouse gas, contributing up to 20% of the greenhouse effect. Among natural sources, wetlands are one of the largest and most uncertain contributors to CH4 emissions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying CH4 production and emission from wetlands is crucial to reducing uncertainties in wetland CH4 flux estimates. Current conceptual and numerical models of wetland

Predicting the onset of flash droughts remains a formidable challenge for current drought early warning systems. However, understanding the timing and mechanisms of flash drought recovery is equally critical for effective flash drought risk management. Despite this, limited research has focused on the recovery phase across different stages of the flash drought full life cycle. This study integrates

Inadequate discharge data at the necessary spatiotemporal scale and the lack of local rating curves can hinder the modeling of flood inundations in urban and peri-urban areas. In many urban regions globally, detailed terrain data and stage-discharge measurements along major drainage channels or contributing rivers are often unavailable. Typically, stage hydrographs are recorded at only a few gauging

Rivers in high-latitude regions frequently undergo a process of freezing during the winter, forming an ice cover on the water surface that effectively cuts off the exchange between the water body and the atmosphere. This results in a notable reduction in dissolved oxygen levels within the water body and hence makes it challenging for contaminants to volatilize and degrade. As a thorough understanding

Typhoon Hato (2017), Typhoon Mangkhut (2018), and Typhoon Saola (2023) are among the most destructive typhoons to have struck Hong Kong in recent years, resulting in intense coastal flooding and severe damage. However, comprehensive flood risk assessments remain limited due to scarce data from inundation field surveys and damage assessments. In this study, we develop an integrated framework combining

The dual role of minerals in preserving organic carbon (OC) and immobilizing phosphorus (P) is increasingly acknowledged, yet how these functions co-evolve under extreme geochemical conditions remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate surface sediments from Qinghai Lake, the largest saline lake in China, to elucidate mineral-mediated mechanisms regulating coupled C-P dynamics. Using a Bayesian

Accurate calculation of reaction rates is a persistent challenge in environmentally relevant geochemical simulations, as it is influenced by numerous factors. For instance, the effective reaction area (ERA) between water and minerals can be impacted by various factors such as non-aqueous fluid coating on the mineral surface, which is commonly observed in the process of CO2 geological sequestration

Inland water monitoring is essential to quantify the available and accessible water resources and to assess the amount that is useful for meeting human needs. It plays an essential role for both society and the environment, and due to the many problems associated with ground hydrological monitoring networks, the measurement of inland waters represents a political and economic challenge. A viable alternative

The Heihe River Basin (HRB), located in the northwest of China, is a typical endorheic basin with unique and complex groundwater–land surface process. The dynamic interaction between groundwater and surface water is characterized by profound exchanges, illustrating the distinctive hydrologic features of the HRB. This study constructed a basin-scale, high-resolution (0.005°and 1 h) integrated hydrologic

Optimality in geostatistical inversion is commonly defined within a Euclidean framework, often oversimplifying complex and nonstationary geological features. Consequently, conventionally derived “optimal” models may fail to adequately represent geological reality. To address this limitation, we incorporate manifold embedding—a non-Euclidean approach designed to capture the true complexity and heterogeneity

In a socioeconomic system, water consumption, carbon emission, and economic development are closely related. Previous studies suggest that water resource taxes can achieve water conservation, but may impose negative impacts on economic development. Due to the close relationships among socioeconomic sectors, the application of water resource tax will change the trade-offs among water conservation, carbon

Deep learning has long faced criticism in rainfall-runoff modeling due to its limited ability to represent hydrological processes and lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose the Soil Water Accounting Network (SWAN), a novel neural network that explicitly encodes hydrological processes through vector interpretation within a water balance framework. SWAN enables: (1) continuous simulation

Engineering practices can efficiently mitigate river pollution by activities such as controlling pollution sources, excavating contaminated riverbed sediments, and remediating contaminated surface water. However, their effects on the improvement of watershed-scale groundwater quality may be significantly delayed. This study investigated the groundwater quality in response to the engineering practices

This study introduces an integrated approach combining Kernel Principal Component Analysis (Kernel PCA) and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) for the assessment of groundwater quality in arid environments. Kernel PCA was employed to reduce the dimensionality of high-dimensional datasets, outlier handling, and enhanced cluster separation. Five kernel types viz: linear

Climate variability is driven by external forcing of climate change and internal variability of climate system. Extreme runoff has been affected by climate variability and exhibits non-stationary behaviors. However, the role of these two factors in runoff changes remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate future changes in extreme runoff represented by annual maximum 1-day runoff (AM1R)

The heterogeneity of aquifers significantly influences spatial distribution of dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contaminants. Previous studies have emphasized physical heterogeneity such as hydraulic conductivity in static DNAPL source zone architecture (SZA) characterization, biogeochemical heterogeneity remains underexplored due to sparse data and the inherent limitations of traditional concentration-based

As globally Ramsar wetlands in the middle-lower Yangtze River basin, Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake play crucial roles in maintaining regional hydrological balance and ecosystem services. However, frequent droughts in the basin have had a substantial impact on agriculture and livelihoods. Traditional drought monitoring methods rely heavily on meteorological station data. With the advancement of remote

To better elucidate the occurrence and enrichment of phosphorus in the shallow aquifer of a rural-agricultural-mining (Fe-P) superposition catchment, we systematically conducted rock- weathering lithogeochemical, hydrogeochemical, and multi-isotopic approaches to identify the biohydrogeochemical processes that control P mobilization and immobilization in the groundwater system. The results showed that

Remote sensing is the primary data source for surface water monitoring. Due to differences in spatial and temporal resolutions, fine resolution and medium resolution remote sensing data each have distinct advantages and limitations in surface water monitoring tasks. Therefore, relying solely on one type of data makes it challenging to simultaneously reflect both the distribution and evolution of surface

Agri-food trade redistributes virtual water globally, reshaping water stress patterns, while water-saving effects vary among virtual water trade networks. A gap in accurately quantifying virtual water flows and assessing their impact on national water resources still exists, which is essential for achieving sustainable development. This study proposes an integrated approach to improve the assessment

The reliance on water-intensive power sources and increasing electricity demand exacerbate the conflicts between energy security and water sustainability. Addressing such complex and interdependent challenges calls for integrated energy-water management. Unlike prevailing models that treat water availability merely as an exogenous constraint in energy planning, this study incorporates water allocation

Vegetation restoration significantly influences ecohydrological processes in dryland, particularly in the Pisha sandstone area where shallow bedrock burial hinders infiltration. Despite its importance, the effects of vegetation restoration on infiltration patterns and preferential flow in such regions are poorly understood. This study employed dye tracer methods and image analysis technologies to evaluate

Coastal groundwater resources face mounting pressure under sea-level rise and population growth. Under active seawater intrusion (SWI), where the coastal hydraulic gradient slopes landward, onshore groundwater resources will eventually be salinized. This study aims to expand the limited understanding of the influence of alluvial aquifer heterogeneity on the rate and characteristics of active SWI. Using

Artificially narrowed embanked floodplains, like those along the lower Mississippi River (LMR), are limited in their capacity to attenuate flooding and maximize nutrient retention. This study examines mechanisms and patterns of inundation during three major LMR floods (2018–2020) by analyzing water levels and temperatures from continuously operating sensors. Additionally, in-situ water quality measurements

Hydro-economic models combine biophysical and socioeconomic variables and are tools that inform decision-making related to water resources planning. This study analyses the coupling of a hydro-economic model of the Guadalquivir River Basin (GRB) in southern Spain with a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) macroeconomic model, applied to a drought situation and different water management policy scenarios

Sustainable management of water resources is crucial for humanity. However, traditional methods for achieving this are becoming obsolete. This is because they are underpinned by the assumption that we have a good understanding of how water availability and demand will change in the future. However, based on our current experience with climate change, this is not the case. In fact, rather than having

Since significant north–south striped noise exists in the GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) monthly gravity field models, various filtering approaches are employed before extracting time variable signals with a harmonic fitting model that includes trends, annual and semiannual terms, leading to signal attenuation and leakage. This study develops an Integrated Postprocessing Approach (IPA)

Recent increase in compound drought and heatwave (CDHW) events has resulted in serious socio-economic impacts globally as well as in China and attracted growing concern. However, the underlying uncertainty in Earth system models may reduce the confidence levels in extreme events projections. Previous studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the emergent constraint (EC) method in addressing this issue

There is a dearth of accurate multitemporal glacier change investigations and analyses in the Parlung Zangbo Basin (PLZB) of the Southeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. A combination of deep learning and artificial visual interpretation was employed to investigate the glaciers in the PLZB since 1987 using multisource and multitemporal data. The impact of climate change on glaciers retreat, and the impact

Decline in availability of fresh groundwater has expanded interest in brackish groundwater resources; however, the distribution of brackish groundwater is poorly understood. Water resources in sedimentary basins across the United States often overlie oil and gas development. Mapping of groundwater total dissolved solids (TDS) using data from oil well geophysical logs has become an important technique

The stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope compositions of leaf water reflect the water exchange between the atmosphere, pedosphere and biosphere. Although leaf water isotopes can be experimentally analyzed at a specific location, it is still challenging to accurately map the leaf water isotopes on a large spatial scale. In this work, we modelled the spatial distribution of the seasonal-scale stable hydrogen

High-resolution multilayer soil moisture is valuable for water resources management, drought monitoring, and crop optimization. However, integrating process-based models into statistical downscaling methods to estimate multilayer soil moisture can increase both prediction uncertainty and computational complexity of parameterization. Here, three parameterized equations (Peak, Trough, and Balance) were

The incapability of processing river surface flow velocities under low tracer density conditions is one of the limitations of the traditional Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV). This study developed a new LSPIV post-processing algorithm, Time Frequency Analysis (TiFA), to overcome such a limitation, enhance computational efficiency, and improve the accuracy of derived velocities. TiFA investigates

Non-rainfall water inputs (NRWI) are important sources of water in arid regions. The least studied NRWI is the direct sorption of atmospheric water vapor. It occurs near the surface in sandy desert soils but has not been investigated in wetter climates, where it could be important during seasonal or episodic drought, or in clay-rich soils, where it might be expected to occur more extensively. We report

Ocean states significantly influence the temporal variability of dry-wet conditions (DWC). Quantifying their contribution to DWC predictability is crucial for drought and extreme pluvial events early-warning and prevention. Due to the complex physical mechanism, the relationship between ocean states and DWC is inherently nonlinear, necessitating a statistical tool capable of addressing such nonlinearity

This study investigates the Intrinsic Vertical Hydraulic Gradient (IVHG) and its significant impact on enhancing groundwater-level (GWL) mapping. The IVHG is a fundamental characteristic that is naturally inherent in confined aquifers, reflecting the natural, undisturbed state of vertical hydraulic head variations under equilibrium conditions. Traditionally, GWL mapping has overlooked vertical hydraulic

Soil erosion is a significant global issue, impacting agricultural productivity and ecosystem stability. Vegetation restoration and reclamation are key strategies for soil erosion management due to their cost-effectiveness and soil and water conservation benefits. They need to be given sufficient consideration for the characteristics of runoff generation and soil loss at different stages of plant growth

Waters circulating in the seismically active (up to 6.4 Mw) Pesaro-Urbino province (central Italy) were investigated to understand water–rock interaction processes and groundwater circulation patterns through a multi-isotopic approach.