Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Bunyavirus (SFTSV) is a highly lethal pathogen with expanding endemic regions in Asia. While primarily transmitted by ticks, recent evidence suggests potential airborne transmission, raising significant public health concerns. This study investigates the potential for respiratory transmission and pathogenesis using humanized NCG mice inoculated with SFTSV

SummaryWe present a case report of a 59-year-old male diagnosed with pancreatic cancer with multiple abdominal metastases, in whom metagenomic next-generation sequencing unexpectedly identified Clonorchis sinensis genomic sequences in both bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood specimens. Subsequent examination further confirmed the presence of viable C. sinensis eggs in the stool samples

Leishmania modulate the host cell epigenome, including DNA methylation. This work aimed to explore the DNA methylation pattern in infected macrophages with L. (Viannia) braziliensis, L. (Leishmania) amazonensis and L. (L.) infantum. We performed a genome-wide methylation analysis in macrophages, cultured in presence/absence of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and infected with the three species for a period of

ABSTRACTAspergillus fumigatus is the most prevalent pathogenic mould that contributes to high morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Here, we characterized the functions of the cyclase-associated protein (CAP) in A. fumigatus. To study the role of CAP in virulence and antifungal susceptibility of A. fumigatus, CAP gene knockout strain (△CAP) and complemented strain (R-△CAP) were constructed

Avian influenza viruses continue to challenge poultry and human health; therefore, careful surveillance and evaluation of emerging viruses are important for animal disease control and human influenza pandemic preparedness. In this study, we detected a series of H3N3 subtype avian influenza viruses in chickens, pigeons, and ducks during our routine surveillance and diagnosis between September 2022 and

To assess the prognostic value of baseline HIV-1 DNA levels, a meta-analysis was conducted according to the PROSPERO protocol (CRD42024619050) based on data from studies published until March 4, 2025. Relevant studies were retrieved from the Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus databases. Effect sizes (correlation coefficients, odds ratios [ORs], hazard ratios [HRs], and adjusted

African swine fever virus originated in a wildlife cycle in East Africa and spread to domestic pigs. At least twenty-three genotypes are present in Africa whereas only genotypes I and II have spread to other continents. Vaccine development has been directed mainly to genotype II. The ability of genotype II vaccines to induce cross-protection against other genotypes is unknown. Here, we compared cross-protection

In February 2024, H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of clade 2.3.4.4b were first reported in dairy cows in the USA. Subsequent multiple outbreaks on dairy farms and sporadic human infections have raised substantial public health concerns. In the same year, four H5N1 HPAIVs of clade 2.3.4.4b were isolated from ducks and geese in live poultry markets (LPMs) spanning seven provinces

Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) poses a significant global health challenge due to its limited treatment options and high mortality rates. Meanwhile, the prevalence of non-carbapenemase-producing CRKP (NC-CRKP) strains is increasing, but their resistance mechanisms remain less understood compared to those of carbapenemase-producing CRKP (CP-CRKP). In this study, KP-469, an NC-CRKP

BACKGROUND Tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) is essential for the end TB Strategy, but shorter and better tolerated regimens are needed to boost its coverage and acceptance. METHODS Silicosis patients aged 18 to 65 years received a novel 1H3P3 regimen (400 mg isoniazid and 450 mg rifapentine, thrice-weekly for 4 weeks) under direct observation and were actively followed up for 3 years. The safety

Recently, Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus has been widely prevalent globally. Although no outbreaks of Avian Influenza have occurred in poultry in China recently, Clade 2.3.4.4b H5 virus can still be isolated from wild birds, live poultry markets and environment, indicating the ongoing co-circulation of H5N1 and H5N6 viruses. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of global Clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and 20 laboratory-isolated

SARS-CoV-2 continues to evolve antigenically under the immune pressure exerted by both natural infection and vaccination. As new variants emerge, we face the recurring challenge of updating vaccines at significant financial cost to maintain their efficacy. To address this, novel strategies are needed to enhance the breadth of protection offered by vaccines or, at a minimum, extend their effectiveness

AbstractCOVID-19 may primarily cause respiratory symptoms but can lead to long-term effects known as long COVID. COVID-19-induced diabetes mellitus was reported in many patients which shares characteristics of types 1 and 2 (T1DM and T2DM). This study aims to identify and analyze the reported cases of new onset diabetes post-COVID-19 infection. Several databases were used to conduct a comprehensive

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a class of widespread and diverse covalently closed circular endogenous RNAs that play critical roles in regulating gene expression in mammals. However, the roles and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs during influenza A virus (IAV) infection remain largely unexplored. In this study, we screened the circRNA transcription profiles of WSN-infected cells to identify circRNAs

Wetland virus (WELV) is a recently identified segmented orthonairovirus associated with human febrile illness in northeastern China. To elucidate its ecological drivers and transmission patterns, we conducted multi-host surveillance in seven eco-climate regions across China through an integrated approach combining molecular and serological profiling. Over 33,000 questing and feeding ticks representing

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease that imposes a considerable medical burden. In this study, we enrolled 1,606 SFTS patients, developed and validated machine learning models for mortality prediction, and ultimately constructed a model consisting of six variables. The prediction model, UNION-SFTS, constructed using the multilayer perceptron (MLP) algorithm

The emergence and spread of antifungal-resistant Trichophyton indotineae pose an increasing public health concern worldwide. Multidrug-resistant T. indotineae infections have been reported in China in the past few years. To understand the genetic relationship and the origin of these Chinese isolates, as well as their relationship to the global collections, we sequenced the whole genomes of 31 isolates

Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 has been enzootic in Bangladeshi poultry since 2006. H9N2 outbreaks can decrease egg production and growth and pose a risk to human health. The role of avian hosts in the persistence, evolution, and dispersion of H9N2 is poorly understood in Bangladesh. Hence, this study unveils the intricate role of major host species in virus maintenance and evolution

The highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b has caused a human outbreak in North America since March 2024. Here, we conducted a serosurveillance study to determine the risk of A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b (2024 cattle H5N1) to general population. In the initial screening of 180 serum specimens encompassing all age groups, 2.2% (4/180) had detectable neutralizing antibody (nAb) titres

ABSTRACTChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and aging both increase the risk of tuberculosis (TB), an important infectious disease in human. Exploring the burden and predictors of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and treatment outcomes for older individuals with COPD is essential to guide LTBI intervention policy. We enrolled patients aged over 60 years with COPD between January 2021 and

From 2020 to 2022, a pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) active case finding project based on chest X-ray (CXR) examination was conducted targeting individuals aged ≥65 years old in Jiangshan County, Quzhou City. The current study used computer-aided detection (CAD) software (JF CXR-1 v2) to retrospectively analyze the CXR images and to estimate its potential capacity for identifying PTB cases. The information

Pandemics of coronavirus (CoV)-related infection have been a major issue since the outbreaks of SARS, MERS and COVID-2019 in the past decades, leading a substantial threat to public health. Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), a new swine coronavirus, causes enteropathogenic disease characterized by acute diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in suckling piglets and poses potential risks of cross-species

The identification of a novel virus related to the family Tombusviridae, provisionally named human tombus-like virus (hTLV), is significant in the context of ongoing surveillance for respiratory pathogens. Meta-transcriptomic sequencing was utilized to detect respiratory pathogens in patients with lower respiratory tract infections (LRIs) in Jinan, China, from 2022 to 2023. The additional hTLV infections

The serum complement system is a cornerstone element of the innate immune response. Bacterial resistance to this system is a multifaceted process involving various proteins and molecular mechanisms. Here, we report several genes required for the growth of Yersinia pestis in serum. Among them, we found that ypo0337 encodes an outer-membrane-associated lectin that recruits factor H, C4BP and hemopexin

Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of mpox virus (MPXV) remain challenging in resource-limited settings. We developed and validated a PCR-based sequencing assay that targets a 12.5 kilobase (kb) region that is phylogenetically representative of the whole ∼ 200 kb MPXV genome. We combined this sequencing assay with a lightweight, downloadable, on-and-off-grid-bioinformatics pipeline for rapid phylogenetic

We studied the spatio-temporal distribution of dengue at the micro-scale, along with other important factors for disease transmission, like vector prevalence, seasonality, breeding behaviour, entomological indices, and its relation with environmental and climatic factors in Kolkata, one of the most populous metropolitan cities in India, facing dengue upsurge in recent years. We analysed dengue data

Bartonella spp. are most often transmitted by arthropod vectors or animal bites and scratches. However, the vector species involved in the transmission of human bartonellosis remain poorly understood. This study investigated the presence of Bartonella in Triatoma rubrofasciata from Guangxi and Hainan provinces in China, evaluating its potential as a vector. Bartonella was identified in T. rubrofasciata

Since β-lactam antibiotics are widely used, emergence of bacteria with resistance to them poses a significant threat to society. In particular, acquisition of genes encoding β-lactamase, an enzyme that degrades β-lactam antibiotics, has been a major contributing factor in the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to β-lactam antibiotics. However, relatively few genetic targets for killing these

The dynamics of the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) breakthrough infections remain unclear, particularly when compared to responses in naive individuals. In this longitudinal prospective cohort study, 13 participants were recruited. Peripheral blood samples were collected every other day until day 7 after symptom onset. Transcriptome sequencing, single-cell

Influenza A hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase, and/or M2e-containing virus-like particles (VLPs) induce immune responses that contribute to protection against multiple influenza A virus subtypes. In this study, we investigated the protective efficacy of influenza A/H1H3 VLPs against influenza B virus infections (B/Colorado/06/2017 and B/Malaysia/2506/2004, Victoria lineage) in mice. A/H1H3 VLP immunization

ABSTRACTRecent surveillance has identified an expansion of swine H1 1C influenza viruses in Eurasian swine. Since 2010, at least 21 spillover events of 1C virus into humans have been detected and three of these occurred from July to December of 2023. Pandemic risk assessment of H1 1C influenza virus revealed that individuals born after 1950 had limited cross-reactive antibodies, confirming that they

BACKGROUND Acinetobacter baumannii has become one of the most critical pathogens causing nosocomial pneumonia. Existing animal models of A. baumannii pneumonia are not relevant to the majority of critical care patients. We aimed to develop a novel model of secondary A. baumannii pneumonia in post-sepsis mice. METHODS A two-hit model of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture followed by A. baumannii

HIV-1 infection has led to 1.329 million people living with the virus and 0.474 millions of deaths by the middle of 2024 in China. Achieving the goal of ending HIV/AIDS in China by 2030 has faced several grand challenges including currently having a diagnostic rate of less than 85%, an estimated annual cost burden of 6.3 billion RMB for antiretroviral therapy (ART) alone, and the lack of therapeutic

During the winter influenza peaks, a total of 2689 ILI patients were collected from the two hospitals, with 58.61% of the participants vaccinated. Of the ILI patients, 761 (28.3%) were laboratory-confirmed influenza infection, with 76.7% being A(H3N2) and 22.8% B/Victoria. After adjusting for covariates, the adjusted VE (aVE) was 57.06% (95% CI, 48.59-64.13%). In the subtype/lineage and age subgroup

Developing an effective HIV vaccine is a momentous challenge. An exceptionally wide range of candidate HIV vaccines have been tested, yet many were poorly immunogenic, and of the select few that advanced into efficacy trials, only one demonstrated any efficacy. Here we report the results of the largest-scale cross-protocol immunogenicity comparison to date: 13 HIV vaccine trials (including 36 vaccine

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes a variety of clinical diseases in mammalian hosts. While it frequently causes infections in dogs and other domestic animals, accumulating evidence indicates that zoonotic spillover and cross-species transmission events favour local and invasive S. pseudintermedius infections in humans. However

In Switzerland, thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) has been introduced in 2011. During the COVID-19 pandemic, cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) have decreased but consequences on the serotype epidemiology are less clear. The objective of the study has been to analyse the impact of PCV13 introduction and the COVID-19 pandemic on the IPD epidemiology and investigate the

We previously observed a notable discrepancy in the distribution of HEV-3 subtypes between wastewater and clinical samples in Sweden. To confirm this observation and comprehensively elucidate HEV-3 circulation patterns across humans, animals, and environmental waters in Sweden, we analysed the HEV genetic diversity in archived wastewater samples between late 2016 and early 2018, clinical cases between

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is a leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), accounting for 10-40% of cases in children. In China, the high prevalence of macrolide-resistant MP (MRMP) and recurrent MP epidemics place a significant burden on the healthcare system. Leveraging data from over 1.6 million cases, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological characteristics

African swine fever is a highly lethal disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV), posing a significant threat to the global pig industry, wherease no approved treatments are currently available. The ASFV DNA-binding protein, pA104R, plays a critical role in viral genome packaging and replication, making it a key target for drug discovery. Through structure-based virtual screening, we identified

People living with HIV (PLWH) exhibit accelerated aging, characterized by systemic inflammation, termed "inflammaging." While T-cell expansion is prevalent in PLWH, its connection to inflammaging remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed the TCRβ repertoire of 257 healthy controls (HC) and 228 PLWH, revealing pronounced T cell clonal expansion in PLWH. The expansion was only partially reversed following

H13 and H16 subtype avian influenza viruses (AIVs) typically infect Charadriiformes, are widely distributed throughout coastal regions worldwide, and pose a risk of spill-over to mammals. Systematic research on the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and biological characteristics of these subtypes remains limited. To address this gap, we analyzed 20 years of wild bird influenza surveillance data

OBJECTIVES To analyse characteristics of Clostridioides difficile PCR ribotype 176 clinical isolates from Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia with regard to the differences in its epidemiology. METHODS Antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing were performed on a selected group of 22 clonally related isolates as determined by multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis

We have previously established a clade Ⅱb mpox virus (MPXV) pathogenic BALB/c mouse model for developing mpox countermeasures. Here, we comprehensively investigated the susceptibility of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice to MPXV and found that Clade IIb MPXV was capable of rapid replication in the lungs of both mouse strains, thus triggering similar dynamic pathological changes and antibody responses. However

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus (e.g. H5N1) infects the lower airway to cause severe infections, and constitute a prime candidate for the emergence of disease X. The nasal epithelium is the primary portal of entry for respiratory pathogens, serving as the airway's physical and immune barrier. While HPAI virus predominantly infects the lower airway, not much is known about its interactions

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is associated with significant global morbidity and mortality and is addressed by conjugated polysaccharide and subcapsular vaccines. In Spain, data on 4CMenB vaccine strain coverage and antimicrobial susceptibility are limited. This study aimed to describe the genomic epidemiology, predict 4CMenB vaccine strain coverage, and assess antimicrobial susceptibility

The 2022 global mpox virus (MPXV) outbreak highlights the urgent need for safer, next-generation vaccines. We compared the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of individual and multicomponent membrane proteins of MPXV virions in mice to inform the development of a recombinant subunit vaccine against mpox. BALB/c mice were immunized with eukaryotically expressed A35R, A29L, B6R, and M1R proteins

Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the synthesis of four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs), which are essential for DNA replication. Although dNTP imbalances reduce replication fidelity and elevate mutation rates, the impact of RNR dysfunction on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) physiology and drug resistance remains unknown. Here, we constructed inducible knockdown strains for the RNR

Sepsis is a leading cause of death among patients with HIV, but early diagnosis remains a challenge. This study evaluates the diagnostic performance of monocyte distribution width (MDW) in detecting sepsis in patients with HIV. A prospective observational study was conducted at Shanghai Public Health Center, involving 488 hospitalized patients with HIV aged 18-65 between December 2022 and August 2023

The epidemiology of respiratory viruses and vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the community are not well described. This study assessed VE against a positive test of influenza (VEf) and SARS-CoV-2 (VECov). Data from networks of community-based laboratories in France were collected during standard of care in the 2023-2024 epidemic season (n = 511,083 multiplex RT-PCR tests). Patients' demographics and symptoms

The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) poses crucial challenges in clinical management, requiring continuous monitoring to inform control and treatment strategies. This study aimed to investigate the genomic and epidemiological characteristics of CREC isolates obtained from a tertiary hospital in China between 2015 and 2022. Next-generation sequencing was used for genomic profiling

Mucosal immunity is crucial for preventing the infection and transmission of respiratory viruses. Nasal antibody is inversely correlated with a lower risk of infection with respiratory viruses. However, the current reference standard for nasal antibody assessment is serum-based, mainly consisting of monomeric IgG and IgA. The applicability of serum-derived standards for assessing nasal antibodies,

Mpox virus (MPXV) has to establish efficient interferon (IFN) antagonism for effective replication. MPXV-encoded IFN antagonists have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the IFN antagonism of poxin-schlafen (PoxS) fusion gene of MPXV was characterized. MPXV PoxS was capable of decreasing cGAS-produced 2'3'-cGAMP, like its ortholog poxin of vaccinia virus, which is the first known cytosolic nuclease

Dengue virus (DENV) is a growing global public health threat. The lack of symptomatic immune competent animal models for Dengue has hindered the screening and development of effective therapeutics that can be used to control dengue virus replication and thereby control the progression to severe dengue disease. To address this, we established an infection model in neonatal C57BL/6 mice and showed that

Monkeypox virus (Mpox) has been recognized for causing distinct skin lesions and is primarily transmitted through skin and sexual contact. To date, the transmissibility and pathogenesis of the Mpox virus in distal human lung has never been completely explored. Here the transmission pathways and Mpox tropism on patient-derived air-liquid epithelium (ALE) model fabricated using isolated primary human

In recent years, Dengue virus (DENV) has continued to pose significant health risks in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide, raising health alerts worldwide. It can cause hyperviremia in humans and can even lead to fatal clinical diseases. The life cycle of DENV is intricately linked to cellular lipids, and the virus selectively utilizes relevant enzymes involved in lipid metabolism to modulate

The NS1 protein of influenza A virus (IAV) is a multi-functional protein which can antagonize host immune system and facilitate viral replication by interacting with host factors. However, the novel partners in host cells interacting with NS1 need to be fully elucidated. In the current study, we identified hnRNPH1 as a novel binding partner of NS1 to regulate IAV replication. Notably, overexpression