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Like most journals, BJUI relies on the hard work and dedication of its peer reviewers and we are grateful to them all. Each month the Editorial Team nominates peer reviewers whose reviews have stood out for their quality and timeliness and those selected as the best are highlighted on this page in recognition of their exceptional work.

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In the JAVELIN Bladder 100 randomized phase 3 trial (N = 700), avelumab first-line maintenance plus best supportive care (BSC) significantly prolonged overall survival (OS; primary endpoint) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus BSC alone in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (aUC) without progression after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy (PBC). Here, we report exploratory analyses

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Gender‐affirming care has emerged as a critical component of healthcare, addressing the specific medical and psychosocial needs of transgender and non‐binary individuals. In this review article, we address what we see as the most pressing evidence gaps in the gender health literature: long‐term effects of pubertal blockers and gender‐affirming hormone therapy and the lack of standardised outcome measures

The optimal approach for prostate cancer (PC) screening, including the ideal starting age and most effective diagnostic method, remains under investigation. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsy (TBx) and systematic biopsy (SBx) in detecting clinically significant PC (csPC) in men aged 45–50 yr in PROBASE, a prospective, randomized trial of a risk-adapted

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There is no universal consensus on which fragments can safely be left behind following ureteroscopy (if any). There is growing interest in achieving a true zero-fragment status in patients [1, 2] and this has led to the development of technologies such as suction ureteric access sheaths and direct in-scope suction [3]. This research demands a high-quality model for urinary stone dust. The most commonly

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ObjectivesTo evaluate whether long‐term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, alone or in combination with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) density or the result of prior surveillance biopsies, could be used to omit biopsies occurring after patients have been on active surveillance (AS) for ≥5 years.Patients and MethodsAnalysis of a single‐institution AS cohort of patients with Grade Group (GG)

Background and objectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-led active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer uses prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and MRI for regular monitoring with biopsy only when indicated by changes in MRI or PSA density. MethodsThis clinical cohort, which started AS between February 2000 and July 2023, includes those with (1) Gleason score (GS) ≤3 + 4, (2) PSA <20 ng/ml, and (3)

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided transurethral ultrasound ablation (TULSA) as a minimally invasive alternative for benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).Patients and MethodsThis prospective, single‐centre, early phase II study (NCT03350529) included 30 men with BPO scheduled for primary transurethral resection of the prostate. Assessments over 12

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BackgroundBenign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a complex condition that affects ~3.2 million men in the UK. As men often face multiple treatment options, discussion and consideration of their priorities and preferences is necessary; however, research indicates this is not always adopted in practice.ObjectivesTo evaluate decisional interventions currently available for men with symptomatic BPH, distinct

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ObjectiveTo assess whether the distribution of concomitant carcinoma in situ (CIS; unifocal or multifocal) with papillary non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) impacts the risk of progression, as concomitant CIS is an established risk factor for progression in papillary NMIBC and commonly used calculators do not make this distinction.Patients and MethodsIn this multi‐institutional retrospective

ObjectivesTo test the hypothesis that the type of surgical approach, robot‐assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) vs open kidney transplantation (OKT), impacts intra‐operative and postoperative surgical outcomes of patients receiving kidney transplantation from deceased donors.Materials and MethodsThis was a multicentre retrospective cohort study including 676 patients who received RAKT or OKT in the

ObjectiveTo assess whether single‐stage preputial spiral graft urethroplasty (PSGU) minimises panurethral stricture (PUS) recurrence, which often result from traditional multiple grafting for anterior urethral strictures exceeding 10 cm.Patients and MethodsWe prospectively collected 114 patients with PUS treated with single‐stage PSGU across five centres in India, Colombia, Egypt, and Italy since May

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of interventions aiming to decrease pain and anxiety during cystoscopy.Patients and MethodsA prospective study of 190 adults undergoing flexible office cystoscopy was conducted at the University of North Carolina and the University of Texas Southwestern from January to September 2023. Patients were offered 20 mL intraurethral 2% lidocaine with

To report real-world rates of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) recurrence and progression within a European multicentre cohort with detailed information on intravesical instillation courses, as contemporary data on oncological outcomes in NMIBC are limited.

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Prostate cancer treatments can cause long-term urinary adverse events (UAEs), but time-varying risks across treatments remain understudied. Using Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare data, we evaluated men aged ≥66 yr with localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy (RP), external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), brachytherapy (BT), EBRT + BT, RP + EBRT, or ablation between

Telesurgery, also known as remote surgery, has emerged as a revolutionary paradigm in urology. The use of telesurgery and its applications in urological procedures is characterized by lights and shadows that challenge surgeons and international surgical societies to regulate this promising field.

ObjectiveTo assess risk factors, scoring systems, microbiology, and outcomes associated with Fournier's gangrene (FG) in a diverse urban community.MethodsA retrospective review of patients with FG medical data from 2007 to 2021 was performed. Means were compared via t‐tests, associations via chi‐square analysis, and survival probability via Kaplan–Meier analysis. Statistical findings were considered

As new treatments for bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-unresponsive non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) emerge, better methods are needed to guide therapeutic decisions. This study analyzed urine tumor DNA (utDNA) from patients treated with atezolizumab in the SWOG S1605 trial to determine whether utDNA profiling can stratify the risk of treatment failure. Urine samples were analyzed using the

In June 2020, at the height of the COVID-19 lockdown, Nature Reviews Urology published its first Pride special issue. At the time, we were the first urology journal and the first Nature Reviews journal to produce special content for Pride. Since then, numerous journals have followed suit and highlighted the importance of inclusion and understanding of underserved populations in medicine.

Pronouns are small but mighty words. However, the conscious use of gender-neutral pronouns has recently led to heated discussions and has been implicated in legislation and cases of employment termination. Importantly, failing to respect a person’s pronouns can lead to real harm in physical and psychological health.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the effect of metformin on non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) marker lesions.Patients and methodsA phase II, open‐label, multicentre, marker lesion trial using oral metformin in patients with primary or recurrent, multiple, low‐grade Ta‐T1 NMIBC was conducted. After transurethral resection for histological confirmation, leaving one tumour as a marker lesion, 11 patients

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Climate change is poised to significantly impact public health in the coming years, both directly and indirectly. A 2023 report from The Lancet emphasised the gravity of this issue, identifying climate change as the greatest global health threat of the 21st century [1]. Paradoxically, the healthcare sector itself is a major contributor to climate change, whose global environmental impact ranges between

ObjectiveTo assess the current uses of blockchain technology in surgery and explore potential applications in urology.MethodsA systematic literature review and critical appraisal was performed. The PubMed database was searched for all relevant papers published in English, between 2003 and 2023, on blockchain and surgery, and urology.ResultsOur search yielded 59 results (35 eligible studies) for blockchain

Nivolumab (NIVO) plus gemcitabine-cisplatin (GC) demonstrated deep, durable responses in patients with untreated unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) with superior overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survival versus GC alone. We report post hoc exploratory analyses with 33.6 mo of median follow-up in patients with lymph node (LN) only disease from CheckMate 901. In this phase 3

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Background and objectiveOur aim was to investigate outcomes of a novel robotic transvesical approach for bladder neck reconstruction in the surgical management of vesicourethral anastomotic stenosis (VUAS). MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of our single-institution database of robotic bladder neck reconstruction procedures to identify all consecutive patients who underwent robotic transvesical

Background and objectivePositron emission tomography (PET) with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) radioligands has an established role in the assessment of recurrence of prostate cancer (PC) after primary treatment. However, an updated understanding of its diagnostic utility is warranted, particularly in the context of emerging targeted and systemic treatment options for recurrent PC. Our aim

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Background and objectiveErectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting patients’ quality of life. Clinical management has changed over the past three decades, with new diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Our aim was to provide an overview of novel evidence regarding clinical management of ED. MethodsA non-systematic literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies on

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