Railway track transitions are prone to uneven settlements and track geometry degradation. Traditional monitoring methods are limited in coverage, which highlights the need for novel solutions. This study proposes a method that systematically integrates the high spatial resolution of Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) with the broader coverage of Small Baseline

The incorporation of locally available supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in cement blends is essential for reducing the environmental impact of construction. However, assessing the pozzolanic kinetics, and thus the pozzolanic contribution at a given age, is challenging due to temperature differences between the two main evaluation methods: ASTM C1897 (40 °C, continuous heat release) and ASTM

Superhydrophobic cementitious composites are potential candidates to effectively mitigate long-term performance deterioration of concrete buildings due to external water infiltration. However, traditional superhydrophobic modification leads to a significant reduction in compressive strength. To address this, a carbon sequestered superhydrophobic mortar with a water contact angle of 153°–162° and an

Current research on recycled concrete powder (RCP) influencing the cement-based material's rheology primarily focuses on the initial rheology, with limited attention given to long-term rheology (rest time over 60 min). This work investigates RCP influencing the paste's static yield stress evolving with time (10–120 min). Results show that RCP significantly influences the cement paste's static yield

MgO-based cement offers a promising solution to lower the carbon footprint compared to that of Portland cement, where MgO is sourced from fossil-free minerals. The hydration of MgO plays a key role in these cements. However, MgO required higher water demand to achieve a workable mix, which poses drawbacks in microstructure and strength development. In this work, we investigated the effects of 7 polycarboxylate-based

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has shown potential in developing cost-effective anti-freezing technologies for concrete. However, its effectiveness in reducing scaling and performance stability under combined salt freeze-thaw conditions and the involved mechanism remains unclear. This investigation systematically evaluates the salt freeze-thaw resistance of cementitious systems modified with PVA variants

It is well-established that aqueous carbonation of recycled concrete paste produces calcium carbonate and an amorphous alumina-silica gel as the main products. However, sparse information is available about the structure and composition of the gel. This work focuses on these properties by carbonation of synthesized C-S-H (Ca/Si = 1.75) alone and blended with portlandite and ettringite. Wet carbonation

Understanding the chloride threshold value (CTV) under various environmental conditions is essential for condition assessment and service life estimation of reinforced concrete (RC) structures susceptible to corrosion damage. This study investigates the influence of three exposure temperatures (25 ˚C, 35 ˚C and 45 ˚C) on the passivation and depassivation (i.e., corrosion initiation) of steel bars in

Recent advances in deep learning have enabled automated ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) image analysis, particularly through two‐stage models like mask region‐based convolutional neural (Mask R‐CNN) and single‐stage models like you only look once (YOLO), which are two mainstream approaches for object detection and segmentation tasks. Despite their potential, the limited comparative analysis of these

Near-fault pulse-like ground motions can cause severe damage to long-period engineering structures. A rapid and accurate identification method is essential for seismic design. Deep learning offers a solution by framing pulse-like motion identification as an image classification task. However, the application of deep learning models faces multiple challenges from data and models for pulse-like motion

In this study, the spatial and temporal evolution of mineralized steel slag compacts (MSSCs) in terms of mineral composition, microstructure, and micromechanical properties is systematically investigated to characterize and quantify their inhomogeneity. Furthermore, the impact of the inhomogeneity in MSSC on its mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms is explored to uncover the intrinsic connection

Excavator safety and efficiency are crucial for construction progress. Monitoring their 3D poses is vital but often hampered by resource and accuracy issues with traditional methods. This paper presents a method to reconstruct the 3D poses of excavators using a cost‐effective monocular camera while considering physical constraints. The approach involves two steps: deep learning to identify 2D key points

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are widely studied as internal curing agents in high-performance concrete, but their adverse effects on pore structure remain a challenge. This study introduces an innovative cement-integrated SAP (CiSAP) by modifying the interface, using KH570-modified cement (KMC) as the functional core. By optimizing KMC content, the microstructure was improved, leading to enhanced

The construction methods of Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are crucial for ensuring the structural performance of ECC pavements, which have demonstrated superior fatigue life and heavy traffic capacity. However, the commonly used rolling compacted (RC) method for pavement has never been explored for RC-ECC pavement. In this study, RC-ECC was developed via theoretical and experimental methods

As a promising sustainable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), there are still doubts about the protective properties of belitic calcium sulfoaluminate (BCSA) cement to the embedded steel, especially for its low pore solution alkalinity and high sulfate concentration. To guarantee the corrosion resistance of steel reinforcement in BCSA cement, using corrosion-resistant steels, such as stainless

Soda residue, a by-product of the Na2CO3 industry, is recognized for its high alkalinity, which can lead to corrosion and the deposition of iron oxide (Fe2O3) from industrial procedures and lab infrastructure. This study delves into the effects of incorporating Fe2O3-rich soda residue (FSR) into alkali-activated materials (AAMs), specifically alkali-activated fly ash (FA) and/or slag powder (SP), on

Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) are high-performance cementitious materials that exhibit multiple cracking and self-controlled width under uniaxial loading, which can lead to a low permeability. Quantifying the water flow behavior of an ECC crack is a precondition for its practical application. However, the lack of characterization for internal crack profiles and advanced modeling for water

Fly ash, a by-product of coal combustion, is a pozzolanic solid waste with annual production of 1.63 billion tonnes, which has been widely used to replace cement clinker to develop sustainable concrete. However, the incorporation of high volumes of inert fly ash significantly reduces the early mechanical strength of concrete due to its low pozzolanic activity. This study presents an innovative strategy

Signal noise removal is an indispensable and critical procedure in obtaining clean pavement texture data for reliable pavement evaluation and management. Nevertheless, the presently established denoising approaches to pavement texture data still rely on traditional techniques that have long struggled with removing noise accurately and consistently. This paper innovatively initiates a one‐dimensional

Automated modal identification and tracking of high-rise buildings are challenging due to complex ambient excitations, closely spaced modes, nonlinear and time-varying modal parameters, and demands for high efficiency and accuracy, yet critical for structural health monitoring (SHM) to detect potential damage and ensure structural safety. This study proposes an automated intelligent modal identification

This study explores optimal energy management in smart buildings designed as microgrid systems, where the growing use of renewable energy and electric mobility creates challenges due to uncertainty and variability in supply and demand. The main goal is to reduce operational costs, cut emissions, and improve energy flexibility under uncertain conditions. To achieve this, a stochastic optimization framework

Recently, there has been a growing interest in the use of Artificial Ground Freezing (AGF) to temporarily stabilize unstable ground at tunnel construction sites. Recognizing that the effectiveness of this method is significantly influenced by groundwater flow, it is crucial to conduct a sophisticated thermal-hydraulic coupling analysis to assess the potential adverse effects of groundwater flow in

Hazard recognition is critical for construction safety, especially for accident prevention. Traditional methods often fail to capture the dynamic and interdependent nature of construction hazards. To address this issue, this paper proposes a network-based framework that conceptualizes construction hazards as dynamic interactions between objects with hazardous attributes. A link prediction model using

Healthcare facilities are complex systems where operational efficiency depends on space, processes, resources, and logistics. While many studies propose process-simulation-based improvements, few dynamically consider the built space’s effect on process efficiency. The critical challenge here is the effective integration of data from these disparate domains. This article addresses this challenge by

After the installation of rubber isolation layer in tunnels, surrounding rock convergence may apply permanent pressure on the tunnel, compressing the isolation material. This can reduce its elasticity, impairing its recovery capacity and potentially leading to failure. Therefore, this paper proposes a new type of pressure-resistant isolation layer that embeds the compressive layer into the energy dissipation

Fiber reinforcement has been demonstrated to mitigate soil liquefaction, making it a promising approach for enhancing the seismic resilience of tunnels in liquefiable strata. This study investigates the seismic response of a tunnel embedded in a liquefiable foundation locally improved with carbon fibers (CFs). Consolidated undrained (CU), consolidated drained (CD), and undrained cyclic triaxial (UCT)

Buried pipes are subjected to static and dynamic loads depending on their areas of use. To mitigate the risk of damage caused by these effects, various materials and reinforcement methods are utilized. In this study, five buried uPVC pipes designed in accordance with ASTM D2321 standards were reinforced with three different ground improvement materials: Geocell, Geonet, and Geocomposite, and experimentally

In deep underground engineering construction and resource exploitation, complex conditions such as high stress and strong disturbance are often encountered, and dynamic disasters such as rockburst and coal burst are prone to occur. As a common anchorage support form in deep underground engineering, bolts and cables are often applied with high prestress to improve the bearing capacity of surrounding

This paper presents a method for automatic detection and quantification of full cross-sectional dimensions of structural components using oblique photography and the SAM-dimension (Segment Anything Model-dimension) model. Unlike traditional methods that measure only a single cross-section, this approach enables full cross-sectional dimension detection across the entire component, enhancing efficiency

Engineering structural damage often exhibits diverse and complex features across multiple scales within small-scale regions of interest (ROI), complicating post-earthquake assessments. This paper proposes an interpretable deep learning (DL) framework for semantic segmentation of multicategory damage. Energy-derivative attention modules are integrated into convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to enhance

Recent urban revitalisation requires advanced utility management and innovative technology to achieve high-precision utility management. This paper introduces an automated framework that surpasses traditional methods of subsurface utility detection by integrating Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), deep learning, and Augmented Reality (AR) to provide an advanced solution for subsurface detection and visualization

The measurement of ultrasonic surface velocity in concrete and the ultrasonic Time Of Flight method for estimating the depth of surface opening cracks in concrete are important techniques for maintenance of constructions, which are currently performed manually. This paper demonstrates the possibility to automate these measurements by means of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) equipped with a robotic

Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) offers nondestructive subsurface imaging but suffers from a trade‐off between frequency and penetration depth: High frequencies yield better resolution with limited depth, while low frequencies penetrate deeper with reduced detail. This paper introduces a novel frequency enhancement method for GPR images using domain‐adaptive generative adversarial networks. The proposed

Failure of buried pipelines can result in serious impacts, such as explosions, environmental contamination, and economic losses. Early detection and location of unexpected events is crucial to prevent such events. However, conventional monitoring methods exhibit limited generalization performance under varying environmental and operational conditions. Furthermore, the cross‐correlation‐based time difference

Access to energy services is essential for preserving health and well-being. However, energy poverty is a challenge affecting millions of citizens worldwide, which could even worsen due to the predicted severity of climate change. Energy poverty vulnerability and social problems are often linked to energy-inefficient buildings. Thus, identifying energy-inefficient dwellings in energy-vulnerable urban

Sulfuric acid corrosion poses a significant threat to urban ‘deep tunnel’ systems, exacerbating flood disasters and causing economic losses. Therefore, it is crucial to predict the deterioration process of steel fiber-reinforced concrete under sulfuric acid corrosion. This study developed four predictive models for the degradation process of steel fiber-reinforced concrete of ‘deep tunnel’ lining during

This study presents a novel method for identifying joints and automatically segmenting shield tunnels using light detection and ranging (LiDAR). In cylindrical coordinates, the Hough transform is used to extract feature LiDAR data corresponding to ring joints at different azimuths. This feature extraction using LiDAR data facilitates the computation of ring joint feature coordinates and average ring

Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) substantially alter local climates, yet their impacts on building energy performance remain inconsistently quantified and poorly integrated into simulation workflows, energy codes, and planning practice. This review critically synthesizes U.S.-based studies that model the impacts of the UHI effect on building heating and cooling loads, revealing substantial variability in

This study investigates the role of L-aspartic (L-Asp) in regulating the crystallisation of hydrated magnesium carbonates (HMCs) in carbonation-cured reactive MgO (RM). The effects of L-Asp on hydration kinetics, bulk density, compressive strength, phase composition, carbon sequestration, microstructure and morphology of RM composites were examined to understand its influence on the coupled hydration

Matrix strength and interfacial bonding between aggregate and matrix are critical factors influencing the performance of lightweight cementitious composites (LCC). This study proposes an environmentally friendly and efficient strategy for developing high-performance fly ash cenospheres (FAC)-containing LCC by combining sodium sulfate (SS) and calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) seeds. Moreover, the roles

The built environment is a key leverage point for policy intervention to combat climate change and the statutory reporting of financial and non-financial indicators over the asset lifecycle is increasingly required. This poses significant information management challenges in a sector characterised by complexity. Contributions to-date which address Life Cycle Asset Information Management (LCAIM) remain

While semi‐autonomous drones are increasingly used for road infrastructure inspection, their insufficient ability to independently handle complex scenarios beyond initial job planning hinders their full potential. To address this, the paper proposes a human–drone collaborative inspection approach leveraging flexible surface electromyography (sEMG) for conveying inspectors' speech guidance to intelligent

Traffic congestion has substantially induced significant mobility and energy inefficiency. Many research challenges are identified in traffic signal control and management associated with artificial intelligence (AI)‐based models. For example, developing AI‐driven dynamic traffic system models that accurately capture high‐resolution traffic attributes and formulate robust control algorithms for traffic

Although estimating the International Roughness Index (IRI) is crucial, previous studies have faced challenges in addressing IRI prediction for asphalt concrete (AC) overlays on Portland cement concrete (PCC) pavements. This study introduces machine learning to predict the IRI of AC overlays on PCC pavements, focusing on incorporating pre‐overlay treatments to reflect their composite characteristics

Thermotropic (TT) glazing, which enable dynamic solar modulation through light-scattering behaviors, has great potential to enhance building performance in energy efficiency, visual and thermal comfort. Many researches have been carried out by building performance simulation or short-term laboratory-scale experiments. In this work, a one-year field-scale experiment was conducted in Zhangzhou (a subtropical

As the concept of “healthy kitchen” continues to take root deeply in the minds in public consciousness, growing emphasis has been placed on both the health impacts of airborne pollutants in kitchen environments and the control of residential kitchen air pollution. In order to better create a healthy environment in residential kitchens, this paper reviewed and summarized the emission factors of kitchen

Axial fans are widely employed in ventilation and air-conditioning systems, yet the associated noise pollution remains a significant challenge. This study investigates the influence of leading-edge modifications on the aerodynamic performance and noise characteristics of an axial flow fan utilized in building ventilation. Three types of leading-edge obstacles, including tetrahedral, hemispherical,

District heating and cooling (DHC) systems with energy storage are highly promising due to their high economic viability and energy-saving potential. However, inadequate consideration of time-of-use (TOU) pricing, annual load demand variations and control strategies often leads to excessive capacities and low energy efficiency. A multi-objective optimization (MOO) model is established by combining

This study investigates students' exposure to indoor black carbon (BC) in classrooms, with a focus on how student behavior influences indoor BC concentrations. The significance of this research lies in the potential health risks associated with prolonged exposure to BC, particularly in educational buildings where children spend extended periods. This study aimed to assess indoor BC concentrations,

Stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) considering randomness constraints for weather characteristics has been widely adopted to achieve energy diminution and human comfort regulation for building energy management (BEM). However, the substantial computational loads involved in solving the complex optimization problem pose a significant challenge to the real-time implementation of SMPC in actual

Heating constitutes a significant portion of the total energy consumption over a building's life cycle. This is particularly pronounced in rural areas, where winter heating can account for over 50 % of the total energy demand. Consequently, the adoption of green and energy-efficient heating methods is of paramount importance for energy conservation and emission reduction in rural residential buildings

Industrialized construction (IC), encompassing off-site construction (OSC) and on-site industrialized construction (OIC), is pivotal to promoting sustainability in the construction sector. However, existing research in the construction industry has focused predominantly on the advantages of OSC, while overlooking the value of OIC to the broader industrialization of the building sector. In this paper

Chillers account for the majority of energy consumption in central air-conditioning refrigeration stations. However, conventional models lack strong out-of-sample generalization, making it difficult to accurately reflect chiller performance variations under multiple operating conditions. Consequently, there is a lack of reliable multi-condition performance data to support energy-efficient regulation

Semantic digital twinning has traditionally supported design coordination, documentation, and planning during the early stages of building projects. However, its application in building operation and maintenance—particularly in real time—remains limited. This study proposes a methodology for cost-optimal HVAC load management using an operational digital twin, and demonstrates its real-time application

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Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3), a low-carbon cementitious material, has demonstrated outstanding resistance to chloride ion penetration. However, the real environment is rich in many harmful ions beyond chloride ions, including sulfate and magnesium ions, making the interactions among these ions highly complex. This study systematically explores the impact of sulfate ions and the synergistic

As construction workflows become increasingly dynamic, there is a growing need for Digital Twins (DTs) to support integrated, real-time workflow monitoring. However, establishing DTs in construction remains challenging due to fragmented data sources and the lack of systematic semantic integration methods. This paper investigates how semantic web ontologies can be systematically applied to establish

Effective knowledge management in construction safety is essential yet challenging. Despite emerging technologies to collect valuable data automatically, it continues to rely on manual input. The heterogeneity of data sources in construction makes it additionally difficult, resulting in a high number of incidents due to late changes in the design. Presented is a unified ontology for construction safety