Forests in permafrost regions are particularly sensitive to hydroclimatic changes. To investigate tree responses to climatic and hydrological changes in hemi-boreal forests of Northeast China, we collected 405 tree-ring cores from key conifer species, including Dahurian larch (Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen) and Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv.), across nine sampling sites in the

Sub-canopy windspeed is a critical input variable in fire simulation modelling, having a strong effect on the predicted rate of spread (ROS). In vegetated landscapes, windspeed reduction occurs due to the structural properties of vegetation, with the canopy height and forest density being key structural attributes driving this effect. Wind reduction factors (WRFs) are used to represent this phenomenon

Vegetation phenology serves as a crucial impact on terrestrial ecosystem, yet its long-term effects on hydrological process, especially seasonal transpiration changes, remain understudied compared to the extensive vegetation-carbon coupling. Here, leveraging long-term solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) and satellite-retrieved vegetation transpiration (TR) datasets, we assessed the response

Fire plays a critical role in shaping the Amazon’s ecosystem and carbon dynamics, yet the relative contributions of climatic and land-use drivers remain debated. Here, we used 0.5° by 0.5° aggregated satellite-based active fire (AF) data (2002–2020) combined with land-cover change and climate reanalysis datasets to (1) quantify spatiotemporal change of fire patterns, (2) evaluate the interrelationships

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the second largest hydrological flux over the land surface and connects water, energy, and carbon cycles. However, large uncertainties exist among current ET products due to their coarse spatial resolutions, short temporal coverages, and reliance on assumptions. This study introduces a multimodal machine learning framework to generate a high-resolution (0.1°, daily), long-term

Water use efficiency (WUE) represents a crucial parameter and a major source of error influencing the accuracy of evapotranspiration separation through flux variance similarity (FVS). However, there is a paucity of studies investigating the application of FVS for the separation of evapotranspiration across multiple plantations, thereby constraining our understanding of water use strategies in plantation

Acid-base bifunctional catalysts have garnered increasing attention due to their excellent adaptability to low-quality oils. The montmorillonite supported bimetallic catalysts are successfully synthesized by wet impregnation method, and the effects of catalyst in transesterification of the acidified palm oil to produce biodiesel are evaluated. Various characterization methods of XRD, CO2/NH3-TPD BET

The growing environmental concerns over non-biodegradable plastics have spurred the need for sustainable alternatives. While, natural fiber-reinforced PLA composites offer promise, they often suffer from poor moisture resistance, weak adhesion, and flammability. This study explores bamboo-kenaf/PLA hybrid composites (30:70, 50:50, 70:30 ratios) and non-hybrid variants (bamboo-PLA, kenaf-PLA) to address

Co-processing of bio-crude with petroleum feedstocks presents a promising avenue for integrating renewable resources into existing refinery infrastructure. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) has demonstrated significant potential for energy densification and production of a suitable bio-intermediate from wet bio-feedstocks. This study explored the use of coking as a non-catalytic co-processing method

Afforestation has been regarded as a potentially effective strategy for the mitigation of climate warming. China has the largest planted forest area worldwide benefited by a series of large-scale afforestation and reforestation project since the 1970s. The planted forests (PF) have been widely reported as an enduring carbon sink. However, the climatic regulation effect of PF on climate through biophysical

While urban parks are often positioned as multicultural recreation spaces bringing together racially and ethnically diverse visitors, there is mixed evidence regarding such contributions. A variety of factors can constrain or facilitate park visitation among diverse audiences; however, less is known about the factors that impact the diversity of visitors (i.e., mix of visitors from different racial

Lignocellulose-derived inhibitory compounds formed during the harsh pretreatment of biomass often inhibits or delays microbial growth, necessitating detoxification of hydrolysates before microbial fermentation. In this study the Corn Stover (CS) hydrolysate, derived from 15 % solid loading of CS-biomass, contained sugars (37 g/L glucose, 75 g/L total reducing sugars), but also contains inhibitors that

Furfural (FF) is a platform chemical with high value and wide application. The catalysts (Zinc oxide modified magnesium-aluminum spinel catalyst (Zn/MgAl2O4)) prepared in this paper allowed for the fast and efficient preparation of FF. Catalytic pyrolysis experiments were carried out on three typical biomass, and it was found that Zn/MgAl2O4 had a significant enrichment effect on the production of

The development of carbon-based electrode materials from biomass is a significant trend in the advancement of supercapacitors. Achieving the synergistic construction of porous structures and graphitization is crucial for enhancing their energy storage properties. In this study, peanut shells serve as a biomass feedstock, and synergistic catalytic graphitization and oriented pore generation are designed

Onion peel waste (OPW), a major by-product of the agri-food industry, represents an underutilized biomass rich in valuable polysaccharides such as pectin. Addressing the need for sustainable valorization strategies, this study explores the transformation of OPW into pectin-derived compounds (PDCs) through a continuous subcritical water (SubW) extraction process conducted without chemical additives

The selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of guaiacol to cyclohexane is a key reaction for upgrading guaiacol, a phenolic compound derived from lignin, for fuel production from abundant and renewable biomass sources. However, the role of noble metal promoters in nickel-based catalysts has been less extensively studied. In this work, we have applied the principles of green chemistry by modifying the d

The novel Garcinia Indica feedstock grown on non-arable land with 37 % oil content ensures sustainable biofuel production resources. A two-stage transesterification process (catalyst: H2SO4 followed by NaOH) is applied to reduce the free fatty acid content of 12.58 % in crude oil for biodiesel conversion. Central composite design matrices were used to conduct transesterification experiments and collect

The particle size of biochar affects the degradation of biomass during anaerobic digestion. This study investigated the influence of particle sizes (>2.0, 2.0–1.0, 1.0–0.5, 0.5–0.25, 0.25–0.15, 0.15–0.063, and <0.063 mm) of wheat straw biochar (BC), synthesized at 900 °C for 1 h on the biomethane potential (BMP) of glucose under mesophilic condition (37 °C). The results show that course biochars enhanced

Leaf stomatal conductance and transpiration rates have been commonly presumed to decline under elevated CO2 concentrations (eCO2) via partial stomatal closure. While this has great implications for the terrestrial carbon and hydrological balances, eCO2 effects on stomatal conductance and transpiration at the ecosystem scale are highly debatable. Here, we used global ecosystem-level measurements from

As global urbanization accelerates, urban ecosystems undergo profound transformations, necessitating deeper investigations into the ecological effects of urban green patches at varying local scales and their impact on bird community distributions. This study explores the influence of landscape characteristic indices across nine distinct patch types along the urbanization gradient on bird community

The different vegetation covers and management play an important role in improving soil water retention properties. The present research was carried out on the campus lawns of the University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland, from May to October 2023, to examine the impact of vegetation covers and management, including mowed (A) and non-mowed lawns (B) or flower meadows (C) on soil water retention properties

Shade is an effective measure for reducing outdoor heat exposure. More infrastructure is needed to protect urban populations from direct sunlight during outdoor travels in hot weather, but shade is often overlooked in planning. This research uses the metropolitan area of Nanjing, China, as a case study to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of population movement and shade, utilizing data from mobile

The environmental impact of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and petrochemical plastics is increasing and needs a shift towards sustainable materials production. This review focuses on advanced technologies in pyrolysis processes mainly catalytic and co-pyrolysis processes that convert waste streams into valuable products. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis and catalytic improvements are

Demands of high energy in wastewater treatment plant and water pollution due to grey water made the situation from bad to worse. Therefore, simultaneous removal of pollutant and fulfil the energy demand compel to carry out the current study. This study represented a trade-off between biogas upgrading and pollution removal by anaerobic co-digestion of brewery wastewater and malt sprout derived biochar

Chemical looping gasification of biomass resources is an innovative technology to obtain high-quality syngas with less energy consumption and CO2 emission. In this work, to efficiently convert biomass wastes into syngas, red mud was tested as oxygen carrier for chemical looping gasification process. In order to enhance performance of this oxygen carrier, alkali and alkaline earth metal doping strategy

Access to clean energy is essential for mitigating global warming and combating climate change, making the transition to renewable energy sources a critical global priority. This review presents a detailed and systematic analysis of biomass-to-biohydrogen conversion pathways, encompassing biological and thermochemical methods, with a focus on their environmental and economic implications. Dark fermentation

We studied the effects of tree species and tree density on the capacity of a forest to buffer understory temperatures during the summer period. We dissociated tree-species and light effects by integrating incident solar irradiance and its proportion intercepted by the canopy into our analyses. We measured solar radiation and air temperature over three consecutive years (2018, 2019 and 2020) in 16 plots